438 APPENDIX 



{2> The bacillus of syphilis.— Yi.^ been demonstrated in tissues by Lust- 

 garten, who stained his sections of syphilitic new growths in Weigert sanihne 

 gentian violet solution (seep. 412), decolorized by means of a solution of per- 

 manganate of potash, and then washing with sulphurous acid, this is repeated 

 until the sections are colourless, when the bacilli stand out prominently. 

 The bacilli of leprosy and tubercle are stained by the same method, but 

 they may be distinguished from the syphilis bacillus by the fact that the 

 latter loses its stain on the sections being washed with a mineral acid. The 

 organisms are somewhat S-shaped, are about 4.5^ in length, and have 

 frequently a slight swelling at the ends ; they are somewhat wavy or 

 slightly indented, and along the line of the bacillus may be seen two or 

 four clear spaces, probably spores. It has more recently been found, how- 

 ever, that other bacilli take on a similar 5tain. 



(3) Bacillus ofrhinoscleroma.—An organism found in the tissues of patients 

 suffering from a disease very rarely met with in this country. In sections 

 pf the thickened skin or mucous membrane stained in methyl violet for 

 forty-eight hours and then decolorized for forty-eight hours in absolute 

 alcohol a bacillus may be demonstrated ; short rods, i .5 to 3fj in length, and 

 .5 to .8/* in breadth, with rounded ends, each containing stained granules, 

 and surrounded by an oval capsule which stains much more delicately than 

 the organism itself. 



(4) Bacillus septicus, see p. 344. 



(5) Bacillus diphtherias vitulorum. — Described by Lbffler as occurring in 

 the diphtheria of calves. Long bacilli 2.5 to 3.6/14 in length, and .5 to .6/1 

 in breadth, frequently united to form long threads ; found in the deeper 

 tissues under the diphtheritic deposits in the mucous membrane. 



The Organism is a Spirillum. 

 The more important of the spirella may be distinguished by their appear- 

 ance as they occur in nutrient gelatine at a temperature of from 20° to 24° C. 



I. The gelatine is liquefied. 



II. The gelatine is not liquefied, see p. 439. 



III. The organisms have not yet been cultivated on 

 artificial media, see p. 440. 



I. The gelatine is liquefied. 



(1) Koch's cholera bacillus or spirillum cholera Asiaticia. — Plate cul- 

 tures, colonies light yellow, have irregular outlines liquefying the gelatine 

 slightly and sink to the bottom, leaving a clear surrounding space. Grows 

 on potatoes as a brownish film at 30° C. or higher, see p. 153. 



(2) Finkler and Prior bacillus. — On gelatine plates grows rapidly and 

 appears as small white points ; under a lens these are yellow or yellowish- 

 brown in colour, and have a sharp well defined circular outline ; the surface 

 is not so refractile nor so granular as in the case of the true cholera colonies. 

 Liquefaction takes place at an early date and goes on very rapidly. The 

 liquefied fluid becomes turbid, whilst in the cholera bacillus it will be noted 

 that the upper part remains perfectly clear. In gelatine tube cultivations 

 this is still more marked. Liquefaction occurs in the form of a funnel-shaped 

 tube, the fluid gelatine being exceedingly turbid. On nutrient agar 

 yellowish white films are formed. Blood serum is rapidly peptonized and 



