266 FOOT-NOTES TO EVOLUTION. 
conditions. Complex conditions permit a variety of re- 
sponses. Varying conditions demand a change of re- 
sponse. This demand is met by the intel- 
lect. The intellect rises with a complex 
or changing environment. The greater 
the stress on a race of thinking creatures, the more ac- 
tive and effective their thoughts. The growth of man 
has been a succession of triumphs over hard conditions, 
The races which have been successful 
have arisen from adversity. Prosperity 
has been the conquest of hard times. 
Human progress in general has come 
through the falling away of the ineffective. The fool- 
killer has been its most active agent. ‘ The goodness 
and the severity of God” are in science one and the 
same thing, as they were in the thought of the prophet. 
Its essence is the survival of those who can live and act 
effectively and happily in the conditions which surround 
human and animal life. The power of safe and accurate 
response to external conditions is the essential feature 
of sanity. The inability to adapt action to need is a 
character of insanity. Insanity, except as protected by 
human altruism, means death. 
The difference between intellect and instinct in 
lower animals may be illustrated by the conduct of 
certain monkeys brought into relation 
with new experiences. At one time I 
had two adult monkeys, “Bob” and 
“Jocko,” belonging to the genus Macacus. Neither of 
these possessed the egg-eating instinct. At the same 
time I had a baby monkey, “ Mono,” of the genus Cer- 
copithecus, Mono had never seen an egg, but his in- 
herited impulses bore a direct relation to feeding on 
eggs, just as the heredity of AZacacus taught the others 
how to crack nuts or to peel fruit. 
Nature of the 
intellect. 
Effect of 
adversity on 
the intellect. 
Intellect of the 
monkey people. 
