298 FOOT-NOTES TO EVOLUTION. 
or slavery there must always be a just mean. To find 
and maintain this just mean from generation to genera- 
tion is the function of social reform. The reform of the 
day has been always in the direction of greater personal 
freedom. “Asa snow bank grows where there is a lull 
in the wind,” says Thoreau, “so where there is a lull 
in the truth, institutions spring up; by and by the truth 
blows over them and takes them away.” All forms of 
tyranny have their beginning in kindness. Paternalism 
in time hardens into oppression and checks the growth 
of the individual man, who should become responsible 
to himself and for himself. The intelligence and free- 
dom of one’s neighbours, not the force of statute nor the 
power of arms, are the guarantee of social security. 
Causes of pauperism may be found in other forms of 
giving as well as in those recognised as charity. Men- 
tal pauperism is produced when men are given truth 
instead of being trained to search for it. There are 
schools which tend to make intellectual paupers instead 
of training ‘men to think for themselves. There is a 
moral pauperism induced by the giving of precepts. 
Right conduct must be individual if it is to have stabil- 
ity. The doing of an honest piece of work honestly 
may have more force in moral training than a hundred 
sermons. In like manner spiritual pauperism may be 
produced by religious instruction. Each man must make 
his own religion. He must form his own ideals. In the 
degree that he is religious he must in time become his 
own high priest, as in the degree that he is effective he 
must be his own king. 
