HEREDITARY INEFFICIENCY. 301 
Nevertheless, the social organism of Europe and America 
is as good as man has been able to make it. In the 
evolution of man it has been a long struggle to attain 
even what we have. Better conditions will be possible 
through better material in humanity. Better relations 
demand better men. The more perfect the organism, 
the more evident are its deviations from perfect adap- 
tation. 
It may be that in the conditions of life failure is not 
due to any defect of the individual, Its cause has often 
arisen in injustice and oppression which sometimes 
makes the just, the brave, the wise man an outcast from 
society. Such conditions and such failures occur in the 
life of to-day. But under ordinary conditions those 
who fail in life do so because of the lack of ability to 
make themselves useful to others, or for lack of ability 
to place themselves in harmony with the forces of Na- 
ture with which they are surrounded. In other words, 
most of those who fail are doomed to perish wherever 
there exists any form of competition, and no life is 
without it. The inert, untrained, ignorant, or vicious 
are Constitutionally unsuccessful, and from conditions 
which these names themselves imply. Those who thus 
fail to do their part in the struggle of life must become 
a burden to be carried by others or else they perish, the 
victims of misery they can make no efforts to avoid. 
Those who are carried by society as burdens may be 
roughly classified as paupers and criminals—those whom 
society voluntarily supports and those supported through 
society’s lack of means of self-protection. Pauperism 
and habitual criminality are respectively passive and ac- 
tive states of the same disease. 
In this sense pauperism is not by any, means the 
same as poverty. Poverty is the absence of stored-up 
economic force. It may arise from sickness, accident, 
