310 FOOT-NOTES TO EVOLUTION. 
be traced back through pauper lineage to dependent 
classes in the Old World. It takes many generations to 
found a pauper stock. Misfortune, sickness, intemper- 
ance, the weakness of old age, often lead to poverty 
and personal misery. Personal causes do not lead to 
hereditary pauperism. The essential danger of unre- 
stricted immigration is not in bringing in an alien popu- 
lation strange to our language and customs. Language 
and customs count for little if the blood is good. The 
children learn our language, even to the forgetting of 
their own. Love of our country is just as genuine in 
Norwegian or German dialects as it is in English or 
Irish. There is little danger either in violent opinions 
or iconoclastic theories. The red flag of anarchy will 
not long wave where real oppression does not exist. 
But the immigration of poverty, degradation, and 
disease make government by the people more and more 
difficult. Every family of “Jukes” and “Ishmaels” 
which enter at Castle Garden carries with it the germs 
of pauperism and crime. They bear the leprosy and 
crime of the Old World to taint the fields of the New. 
The “assisted immigration” at Jamestown years ago 
has left its trail of pauperism and crime from Virginia 
across Carolina, Kentucky, Indiana, Missouri, even to 
California, Oregon, and Hawaii. Wherever its blight has 
gone there are the same inefficient men, sickly women, 
frowsy children, starved horses, barking cur dogs, care- 
lessness, vindictiveness, and neglect of decency. 
Withdrawal from the competition of life, withdrawal 
from self-helpful activity, aided by the voluntary or in- 
voluntary assistance from others—these factors have 
made that which McCulloch calls “the tribe of Ish- 
mael.”” These conditions bring about the same results 
in all ages and among all races, among the lower ani- 
mals as well as among men. The same effects of simi- 
