THE WOMAN OF EVOLUTION AND PESSIMISM. 315 
It is not just to regard the male as the normal type 
of humanity, and woman as a modification or degrada- 
tion of it. 
“Woman is not undeveloped man, but diverse.” 
Each sex is differentiated, in its degree, 
from the intermediate unsexed type, 
which of itself never existed, save in 
the one-celled protozoan. 
Because of the needs of life, man has been differ- 
entiated in motor directions, woman in directions of 
feeling and response. Man has been compelled to face 
external Nature. Woman must face humanity, Thus 
the initiative in action is thrown more and more on the 
male; the response of feeling on the female. 
In this division of labour mental and physical char- 
acters are correlated. Women excel in delicacy, in de- 
votion, in sympathy. They are not noted as explorers 
of new fields. As investigators, inventors, judges, or 
warriors their efforts are on the whole ineffective. Such 
activities are not in the line of duty assigned them 
in the division of labour. As defender of the young, 
the female puts the male to shame. No creature is so 
dangerous as the female beast at bay. The defender of 
the young or the weak must be a partisan, not a judge. 
If we can use such terms in relation to a process of 
Nature, we may say that the noblest results of evolu- 
tion are to be found in the altruism of parenthood. 
The development of the “eternal womanly,” the dif- 
ferentiation of the mother and wife, 
carries within itself the full compensa- 
tion for all that it has cost. 
As against this view which I have briefly presented 
it may be interesting to contrast the view of woman 
presented by the philosophy of pessimism, through its 
ablest exponent, Arthur Schopenhauer. 
Woman not un- 
developed man. 
The altruism of 
parenthood. 
