376 FOOT-NOTES TO EVOLUTION. 
chology before it is wrought out in human history. It 
is the struggle of realities against tradition and sugges- 
tion. The progress of civilization would 
still have been just such a struggle had 
religion or theology or churches or wor- 
ship never existed. But such a conception is impossi- 
ble, because the need for all these is part of the actual 
development of man. 
Intolerance and prejudice are, moreover, not con- 
fined to religious organizations. The same spirit that 
burned Michael Servetus and Giordano 
Bruno for the heresies of science, led 
the atheist “liberal”’ mob of Paris to 
send to the scaffold the great chemist Lavoisier, “ with 
the sneer that the republic has no need of savanis.” 
The same spirit that leads the orthodox Gladstone to 
reject natural selection because it “relieves God of the 
labour of creation,’’ causes the heterodox Haeckel to 
condemn Weismann’s theories of heredity, not because 
they are at variance with facts, but because such ques- 
tions are settled once for all by the great philosophic 
dictum of monism. 
There is no better antidote to bigotry than the study 
of the growth of knowledge. There is no chapter in 
man’s history more encouraging than that which treats 
of the gradual growth of open-mindedness. The study 
of this history will bring religious men to avoid the mis- 
takes of intolerance through a knowledge of the evils 
to which intolerance has led in the past. Scientific men 
will be spurred to better Work by the record that through 
the ages objective truth has been the final test of all 
ideas. All men will be more sane and more effective in 
proportion as they realize that no good can come from 
“wishing to please God with a lie.” 
The conflict of science is usually considered as the 
The essence of 
conservatism. 
The effort to 
limit thought. 
