MEADOWS AND PASTURES 17 
European authorities. With our conditions, about the 
best treatment seems to be to plow up the meadow for 
corn at the end of the second year. Where the pasture 
is needed, as it certainly is on beef-producing farms, 
the old meadows may well be used for pasture a year 
or two before plowing up for corn. Where the ma- 
nure is available, it is good practice to top-dress the 
meadow each winter after the last crop of hay is re- 
moved in the fall. 
Instead of sowing the timothy in the fall with 
wheat, and adding the clover in spring, it is much bet- 
ter, in most parts of the Timothy Region, to sow the 
timothy and clover together late in August or early in 
September, on well-prepared and well-manured land, 
without a so-called nurse crop of wheat or other grain. 
This will give a heavy yield of hay the next summer. 
After this hay crop is removed, top-dress well the next 
winter, and cut for hay again the next summer. After 
this, top-dress in winter and plow in spring for corn. 
This applies to good arable land in those parts of the 
country where timothy and clover thrive, and where 
corn is a paying crop. Such a plan, of course, presup- 
poses an abundance of manure. It is recognized that 
there is much land well adapted to meadow purposes, 
but not adapted to other ordinary crops. In certain 
sections also blue-grass is so highly productive that it 
pays to sow blue-grass with the timothy and clover, 
and make a pasture of the meadow after the second- 
crop year. (See chapters on timothy and blue-grass. ) 
There is also a great deal of land unfit for cultivation 
which, with proper attention, may be rendered fairly 
productive as pasture. It is therefore important to 
