46 FARM GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 
to throw up seed-stalks, after which, if the stock are 
removed, a fair crop of grain may be harvested. 
Good temporary pastures may be made in the 
North in summer by: sowing winter cereals in the 
spring. A true winter cereal, if sown in spring in the 
North, will not head out that year, but will produce a 
fine growth of leaves which stock eat with a relish. 
They may also be pastured the following winter, and 
then produce a crop of grain the next spring if the 
stock is taken off early enough, except in the case of 
wheat, which is destroyed by the Hessian fly when 
sown in the spring and left over till next spring. For 
this reason, when winter wheat is sown in spring and 
used for summer pasture, it should be plowed up in the 
fall. 
When the cereals are used for pasture, particularly 
on clay soils, greater care should be taken not to allow 
stock on the field in wet weather than when pasturing 
grasses that form a dense sod. A clay soil may be 
practically ruined by the trampling of stock in wet 
weather, even where it has a good sod to protect it. 
PASTURE MIXTURES 
If questions concerning farm practice could be 
solved with pencil and paper, the problem of the best 
pasture mixtures would have been solved long ago. It 
is easy to figure out mixtures that oughd to give abun- 
dant pasture from early spring till snow flies, and, in the 
South, the year round. This has been done repeat- 
edly for the American farmer, but he still sticks to his 
blue-grass and white clover or his Bermuda grass, as 
the case may be, thus depriving his stock of pasture 
