84 FARM GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES 
It is well known that when timothy is sown in the 
fall with grain it does not make a crop the next year. 
But it is not so well known, especially in the Middle 
West, that when timothy is sown in late summer or 
early fall without a nurse crop it makes the best crop 
of its life the next year. In this case clover should 
be sown at the same time as the timothy, but there 
are doubtless large areas in Missouri, Iowa, Illinois, 
and perhaps also in Minnesota and Wisconsin, where 
clover would winter-kill when sown in this manner. 
Since this method is so successful in the Eastern States 
it might be well for Western farmers to try it more ex- 
tensively. ~Oat-stubble would be particularly adapted 
for this purpose, as the grass and clover could be sown 
after oats early enough to get a good start before win- 
ter. If the method proves satisfactory it would enable 
the timothy grower to dispense with wheat in the ro- 
‘tation, particularly where wheat is grown mainly to 
have a place in the rotation to sow timothy. 
In New England, New York, and Pennsylvania 
three methods of starting timothy are in vogue. Many 
farmers use the method described above—namely, of 
seeding the timothy in the fall with wheat or rye, 
adding clover in early spring. Both East and West 
the time chosen for sowing clover in this manner is in 
very early spring, at a time when the ground is lightly 
frozen and cracked ‘‘ honeycomb’”’ fashion. The seed 
falls, or is blown, into these cracks, and is thus cov- 
ered when the ground thaws. ‘This is usually in late 
February or early March. 
Another method, used extensively by the most 
progressive farmers, is to sow all the grass and clover 
