Genus i 



VIOLET FAMILY. 



547 



tt Style not capitate; spur long; stipules bristly toothed, herbaceous. 

 Spur 2"-4" long ; lateral petals bearded ; style bent at tip, with short beard. 



Petals white or cream-colored. 40. V. striata. 



Petals violet-blue. 

 Herbage glabrous or nearly so. 



Leaves orbicular or suborbicular. 



Stipules ovate-lanceolate, bristly serrate ; leaves often iT4' wide. 41. V. conspersa. 



i' wide. 



42. 

 43- 



V. labradorica, 

 V. adunca. 



Stipules linear, entire except at base ; leaves not over 

 Leaves ovate ; Canada and far west. 

 Herbage puberulent. 



Stems ascending ; blades mostly ovate ; Canada and bordering states. 44. V. subvestita. 

 Stems prostrate ; blades orbicular ; Kentucky and southward. 45. V. Walteri. 



Spur 4"-6" long, lateral petals beardless ; style straight and smooth. 46. V. rostrala. 



ttt Style much enlarged upward into a globose, hollow summit; stipules large, leaf- 

 like, pectinate at base. 

 ,Upper leaves and middle lobe of stipules entire or nearly so ; indigenous. 47. V.Rafinesquii. 

 Upper leaves and middle lobe of stipules plainly crenate ; introduced from Europe. 



Petals large, 2-2, times as long as the sepals, 48. V. tricolor. 



Petals usually shorter than the sepals. _ 49. V. arvensis. 



I. Viola pedata L. Bird's-foot or 

 Crowfoot Violet. Fig. 2923. 



Viola pedata L. Sp. PI. 933. 1753. 

 Viola pedata var. bicolor Pursh ; Raf. in DC. 

 Prodr. I ; 291. 1824. 



Nearly glabrous; rootstock short, erect; 

 leaves 3-divided, the lateral divisions pe- 

 dately 3-5-parted or -cleft, the segments 

 hnear to spatulate, often 2-4-cleft or 

 -toothed near the apex ; the leaves of early 

 spring and of late autumn often smaller 

 and less deeply dissected; corolla i'-if 

 broad, the upper petals dark violet, the 

 three lower lilac-purple, all beardless; the 

 orange tips of the stamens large and con- 

 spicuous at the center of the flower; cap- 

 sules green, glabrous ; seeds copper-colored; 

 apetalous flowers wanting, but petaliferous 

 frequent in late summer and autumn. 



In dry fields and open woods, Massachusetts 

 to Minnesota, south to Florida and Louisiana. 



Var. lineariloba DC. with all the petals of the 

 same lilac-purple color is the more common 

 form. Sand-, snake-, wood-, horse or horse- 

 shoe violet. Pansy. Velvets. April-June. 



2. Viola palmata L. Early Blue 

 Violet.' Fig. 2924. 



Viola palmata L. Sp. PI. 933- 1753- 



Rootstock thick, usually oblique, some- 

 times branched; leaves palmately 5-1 1- 

 lobed or -parted, the segments variously 

 toothed or cleft, the middle segment 

 usually the widest; petioles and veins 

 of the lower surface villous, the upper 

 surface often glabrous; corolla violet- 

 purple, ¥-ii' broad, sepals ovate-lanceo- 

 late, rather blunt; petaliferous flowers 

 on erect peduncles, cleistogamous on 

 prostrate peduncles, their cap^sules ovoid, 

 4"-6" long; seeds brown, l" long. 



Wooded hills in dry rich soil, western 

 Massachusetts to Minnesota, south along 

 the AUeghanies to Florida. A form with 

 the lateral leaf-lobes linear occurs in the 

 region of the Great Lakes. Hand- or hood- 

 leaf violet. Chicken-fighters. Roosters. 

 Johnny-jump-up. April-May. 



Viola Egglestonii Brainerd, a glabrous 

 species, the leaf-segments oblanceolate, first 

 known from Tennessee, has recently been 

 found in Kentucky. 



