664 



CORNACEAE. 



Vol. II. 



I. Cynoxylon floridum (L.) Raf. 



2, CYNOXYLON Raf. Alsog. Amer. 59. 1838. 

 [Benthamidia Spach, Hist. Veg. 8: 109. 1839.] 



Trees, with opposite petioled pinnately veined leaves and small perfect yellowish or 

 greenish flowers in heads subtended by a conspicuous involucre of 4 to 6 large white or 

 pink bracts. Calyx 4-lobed ; corolla of 4 valvate petals ; stamens 4, with slender filaments 

 and elliptic anthers; ovary sessile, 2-celIed; style terminated by the depressed stigma; ovules 

 I in each cavity of the ovary, pendulous. Fruit with thin acrid flesh, surmounted by the 

 calyx, the stone 2-seeded; seeds oblong; endosperm fleshy; embryo straight. [Greek, 

 dogwood.] 



Two species, the following typical one, and C. Nuttallii, of northwestern America. 



" ~ ' Flowering Dogwood. Fig. 3189. 



Cornus florida L. Sp. PI. 117. 1753. 

 Cynoxylon floridum Raf. ; Britten & Shafer, 

 N. A. Trees 744. igo8. 



A small tree, or large shrub, with very 

 rough bark and spreading branches, 

 ^reaching the maximum height of about 

 40° and trunk diameter of ii°. Leaves 

 petioled, ovate, or oval, rarely obovate, 

 entire, pale and slightly pubescent on 

 the veins beneath, dark green and gla- 

 brous, or minutely pubescent above, 3'-6' 

 long, acute at the apex, usually nar- 

 rowed at the base ; petioles 3"-io" long ; 

 bracts of the involucre white or pinkish 

 (rarely rose-red), very conspicuous, obo- 

 vate, obcordate, or emarginate, strongly 

 parallel-veined, i'-2j' long; flowers 

 greenish-yellow, capitate ; fruit ovoid, 

 scarlet, $"-6" long, crowned with the 

 persistent calyx ; stone smooth, chan- 

 neled, ovoid, 3"-4" long. 



In woods, Maine and Ontario to Florida, 

 Minnesota, Kentucky, Kansas and Texas, 

 Ascends to 4400 ft. in Virginia. Wood 

 hard, brown ; weight per cubic foot 50 lbs. Leaves bright red in atitumn. Fruit often persistent 

 over winter. Arrow-wood. Box-wood. Cornelian tree. False box or box-wood. Nature's-mistake. 

 Florida dogwood. White cornel. Indian arrow-wood. April-Iune. 



3. CHAMAEPERICLYMENUM Graebn. ; Asch. & Graebn. Fl. Nord. Flachl. 



225, 539- 1898. 

 [CoRNELLA Rydb. Bull. Torr Club 33 : 147. 1906.] 

 Low, almost herbaceous plants, woody only at the base, with nearly horizontal rootstocks, 

 and erect stems bearing a solitary head of small greenish-purple or violet flowers subtended 

 by an involucre of 4 large white bracts, the leaves opposite or whorled. Calyx-limb minutely 

 4-toothed, the teeth with a deciduous spinule on the back near the apex. Petals 4, valvate. 

 Stamens 4. Ovary 2-celled. Drupe globose, red. [Greek, low Periclymenum.] 



Two species, of the northern hemisphere. Type 

 species: Chamaepericlymenum suecicum (L.) Asch. 

 & Graebn. 



I. Chamaepericl3rmenum canadense (L.) 



Asch. & Graebn. Low or Dwarf Cornel. 



Bunch-berry or -plum. Fig. 3190. 



Cornus canadensis L. Sp. PI. 117. 1753. 



C. unalaschensis Ledeb. Fl. Ross. 2: 378. 1844-46. 



C. canadensis Rydb. Bull'. Torr. Club 33: 147. 1906. 



Herbaceous, woody only at the base; flowering 

 stems erect, scaly, 3'-9' high. Rootstock nearly 

 horizontal ; leaves verticillate at the summit of 

 the stem, or sometimes i or 2 pairs of opposite 

 ones below, sessile, oval, ovate, or obovate, pin- 

 nately veined, glabrous or minutely appressed- 

 pubescent, acute at each end, entire, 1-3' long; 

 peduncle slender, V-iV long; involucral bracts 

 4-6, white, petaloid, ovate, 4"-9" long; flowers 

 greenish, capitate; petals ovate, one of them- with 

 a subulate appendage ; fruit globose, bright red, 

 about 3" in diameter ; stone smooth, globose, 

 slightly longer than broad. 



