Genus i. 



INDIAN-PIPE FAMILY. 



673 



Family 3. MONOTROPACEAE Lindl. Nat. Syst. Ed. 2, 219. 1836. 



Indian-Pipe Family. 



Humus-plants or saprophytes, with mostly simple, leafless bracted scapes, 

 and solitary or clustered perfect regular flowers. Calyx 2-6-parted, free from 

 the ovary; sepals erect, connate at the base, imbricated, deciduous. Corolla 

 gamopetalous or polypetalous (wanting in the California Allotropa) ; lobes or 

 petals 3-6. Stamens 6-12, hypogynous ; filaments distinct, or united at base; 

 anthers 2-celled or confluently i -celled, attached to the filaments by their backs 

 or bases; pollen-grains simple. Disk obsolete or 8-12-lobed. Ovary superior, 

 4-6-lobed, i-6-celled ; style short or elongated ; stigma capitate or peltate ; ovules 

 numerous, anatropous. Capsule 4-6-lobed, or terete, i-6-celled, loculicidally 

 4-6-valved, many seeded. Seeds minute, the testa reticulated. 



About 9 genera and 12 species, mostly of the northern hemisphere, most abundant in North 

 America. 



Corolla gamopetalous, persistent. 



Corolla globose-ovoid; anthers 2-awned. i. Pterospora. 



Corolla campanulate ; anthers awnless. 2' Monofrops'is. 



Corolla polypetalous, deciduous. 



Flower solitary. ■ ^_ Monotropa. 



Flowers racemose. 4, Hypopitys. 



I. PTEROSPORA Nutt. Gen. i : 269. 1818. 



Scape slender, glandular-pubescent, from a thick base of matted fibrous roots. Flowers 

 and capsules racemose, pendulous. Calyx deeply 5-parted. Corolla gamopetalous, globose- 

 ovoid, with 5 reflexed lobes. Stamens 10, included; filaments subulate, glabrous; anthers 

 introrse, horizontal in the bud, the sacs longitudinally dehiscent, each with a deflexed awn 

 near the base. Disk none. Ovary subglobose, S-lobed, 5-celled ; style short, columnar ; stigma 

 capitate, S-lobed. Capsule depressed globose, 5-lobed, S-celled, 5-valved, the apex and base 

 intruded. Seeds horizontal, globose-ovoid, with a terminal reticulated wing. [Greek, 

 wing-seeded.] ' 

 A monotypic genus of temperate North America. 



I. Pterospora andromedea Nutt. Giant Bird's-nest. 

 Pine Drops. Fig. 3208. 



Plerospora andromedea Nutt. Gen. i : 269. 1818. 

 Monotropa procera Torr. ; Eaton, Man. Ed. 2, 324. 1818. 



Roots very astringent, forming a rounded mass some- 

 times 2' in diameter. Scape purplish or brown, 6'-4i° high, 

 bracted, grooved, densely covered with viscid hairs. Bracts 

 lanceolate, or linear, very numerous and crowded at the 

 base ; flowers numerous, racemose, white, 2"-4" broad ; 

 pedicels at first spreading, soon recurved, 3"-io" long, 

 viscid; sepals oblong, about one-half the length of the 

 corolla ; capsule 4"-6" in diameter. 



In rich woods, Nova Scotia to New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, 

 Michigan, British Columbia and California, south in the Rocky 

 Mountains to Arizona and Mexico. Albany beech-drops. June- 

 Aug. 



As regards the two names given to this plant in 1818, Nut- 

 tail's " Genera," appeared before the second edition of Eaton's 

 " Manual." 



2. MONOTROPSIS Schwein. ; Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1 : 478. 1817. 

 [ScHWEiNiTziA Nutt. Gen. 2: Add. 3. 1818.] 

 Scape slender, bracted ; plants glabrous throughout. Sepals 5, oblong to linear. Corolla 

 gamopetalous, oblong-campanulate, persistent, S-saccate at the base, 5-lobed, the lobes not 

 reflexed. Stamens 10, included; filaments subulate, glabrous; anthers horizontal in the bud, 

 introrse, the sacs confluent, opening by large terminal pores, awnless. Disk lo-crenate. 

 Ovary globose, S-celled; style short, thick; stigma discoid, S-angled- Capsule ovoid, S-celled. 

 Seeds very numerous. [Greek, resembling Monotropa.] 



Three species, natives of southeastern North America, the following typical. 



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