Genus 2. 



OLIVE FAMILY 



7. Fraxinus caroliniana Mill. Water or 

 Carolina Ash. Fig. 3320. 



F, caroliniana Mill. Diet. Ed. 8, no. 6. 1768. 



F, platycarpa Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 ; 256. 1803. 



A small tree, rarely over 40° high, the trunk 

 reaching about 1° in diameter, with terete 

 twigs and glabrous or slightly pubescent 

 foliage. Leaflets 5-7 (rarely 9), ovate, ovate- 

 lanceolate or oblong, acuminate or acute at 

 the apex, narrowed, or the lower ones rounded 

 at the base, long-stalked (4"-8"), sharply ser- 

 rate, serrulate or sometimes entire, 2-5' long, 

 i'-ii' wide; flowers dioecious, the calyx of 

 the pistillate persistent; anthers linear-oblong; 

 samara i'-2' long, 4"-9" wide, elliptic or 

 spatulate, the body linear, flat, broadly winged 

 all around, extending more than half way to 

 the apex of the fruit, the wing pinnately 

 veined; samaras sometimes 3-winged. 



In swamps and wet soil, southeastern Virginia 

 to Florida, Missouri, Arkansas and Texas. Also 

 in Cuba. Wood light, soft, weak, yellowish white ; 

 weight per cubic foot 22 lbs. Pop- or poppy-ash. 



March-April. 



8. Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. Blue 

 Ash. Fig. 3321. 



Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 : 



^55- 1803. 



A large forest tree, sometimes becoming 

 110° high, the trunk reaching 3° in diameter, 

 the twigs 4-sided, the foliage glabrous, or 

 sparingly pubescent when young. Leaflets 

 7-11, ovate, oblong or lanceolate, acuminate 

 at the apex, rounded or narrowed at the base, 

 short-stalked (2"-3"). green on both sides, 

 sharply serrate or serrulate, 3'-$' long, i'-2' 

 wide ; flowers dioecious, the calyx of the pis- 

 tillate ones obsolete; anthers linear-oblong; 

 samara linear-oblong or cuneate, i'-2' long, 

 3"-7" wide, winged all around, parallel-nerved, 

 the body extending more than half-way to the 

 apex. 



In woods, Ontario, Minnesota and Michigan to 

 Alabama, Iowa and Arkansas. Wood heavy, hard, 

 not strong, yellowish brown ; weight per cubic foot 

 47 lbs. March-April. 



9. Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black or Brown 

 Ash. Hoop Ash. Fig. 3322. 



Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Arb. Am. 51. 1785. 

 Fraxinus sambucifolia Lam. Encycl. 2: 549. 1786. 



A swamp tree, reaching a maximum height of 

 about 100° and trunk diameter of 3°, the twigs 

 terete, the foliage glabrous, except the midrib of 

 the lower surfaces of the leaflets. Leaflets 7-1 1, 

 sessile, green on both sides, oblong-lanceolate, 

 long-acuminate at the apex, narrowed or rounded 

 at the base, sharply serrate or serrulate, 3'-6' 

 long, 9"-i8" wide; flowers dioecious; calyx none; 

 anthers short-oblong; samara oblong or^^linear- 

 oblong, parallel-nerved, I'-i*' long, 3"-4" wide, 

 the body flat, winged all around, extending to or 

 beyond the middle. 



In swamps and wet woods, Newfoundland to 

 Manitoba, south to Virginia, Illinois and Arkansas. 

 Wood heavy, soft, not strong, dark brown ; weight 

 per cubic foot 39 lbs. April-May. Swamp-, basket- 

 or water-ash. 



