FOODS AND DRUGS AND THEIR ADULTERANTS. 77 



gated into masses, while their size is very small, averaging 

 about .003 mm. Besides these starch masses at least 

 two characteristics kinds of cells from the hull may 

 appear in black pepper. The 'outermost layer furnishes 

 dark-brown fragments made up of the stone-cells so 

 called, polygonal, thick-walled cells with a small dark 

 lumen and striations radiating out from it (a, Fig. 31).' 



Fig. 31. — ^Microscopic Structure of Pepper. (After Schimper.) 

 240 diameters. 



The cells of the inner part of the hull occur in lighter, 

 yellowish-brown masses, and have a somewhat similar 

 structure except that their lumen is much larger and 

 their walls thinner (&, Fig. 31.) Smaller fragments of 

 parenchyma tissue may be seen, with irregular, thin- 

 walled cells and occasional large spaces where deposits 

 of oil were present in the fruit (c, Fig. 31). 



White pepper made up simply of the central part of 

 the seed contains practically nothing but the irregular, 

 silvery masses of pepper-starch with occasional small 

 fragments of the outer tissues. 



