364 Fisuine iw Amerrcoan WATERS. 
of fish-culture left in Europe which supplies fecundated ova 
but the national one of Huningue, and by this one all appli- 
cants are served—by order of the French government—free 
of expense. 
The liberality of France in bestowing ova and young fishes 
on all applicants did not prevent her from deriving the re- 
spectable revenue in 1862 for her fresh-water fisheries of 
$4,000,000. In 1861 the Huningue establishment distributed 
about 9,000,000 ova, and in 1862 about 12,000,000. 
The paramount reason for artificial culture is based on the 
known fact that of every thousand salmon or trout hatched 
in a stream in the natural way, not more than one arrives at 
marketable size; and as a salmon yields about one thousand 
ova to the pound, a pair of salmon would scarcely yield 
twenty-five per cent. if hatching in a stream where the eggs 
and alevins are unprotected, while if the 20,000 eggs were 
hatched artificially and the young salmon protected, the in- 
crease to marketable size would generally be two thousand 
per cent. 
The numerous successes resulting from artificial propaga- 
tion, and restocking and newly stocking waters in France, has 
had a favorable influence throughout the civilized world, so 
that within a few years Belgium, Holland, Switzerland, Ger- 
many, Italy, and Spain have establishments of fish-culture. 
On the British Isles great results have been accomplished 
near Galway and on the River Tay, so that the rentals of 
some fisheries have increased fifty per cent. Through the 
enterprise of Mr. Francis, of the eld, some of the waters of 
Australia have been stocked by ova transported from En- 
gland—tifteen thousand miles! Te has also succeeded in 
stocking a river in New Zealand in the same manner. The 
River Plenty, first stocked in Tasmania, has proved a success 
in both trout and salmon. 
That the gigantic rebellion has delayed action by the 
United States government is quite natural; but one of the 
paramount duties of government is to increase the stock of 
