Resutr or Srupy anp Gents. 413 
BALLYSADARE SALMON-PASS. 
A. Face of Dam. B. Entrance to the Ladder, easily found. C. Resting-pool, of from 
one to two feet depth. D. Exit from Ladder above the fl. 
The steps in the ladder extend three fourths its width, leav- 
ing the stream and eddies represented. This sketch illus- 
trates a very important principle, which can be varied at 
pleasure. The gradient ofa salmon-ladder should really not 
be less than 1 in 9 or 10, and 1 in 12 is better still. The 
chambers between the steps are greatly improved if the bot- 
tom—instead of being all upon the same slope as the gen- 
eral gradient of the ladder—is broken into steps, so that the 
water is deeper immediately behind the steps, or little steps 
