SHARKS AJD BAYS. 



in 



Among the more aberrant sharks is the hammer-headed 

 Spliyrna zygmna (Linn.), which grows to the length ol twelve 

 feet, and is one of the most rapacious and formidable of the 

 order. 



Of the rays and skates, the saw-fish approximates most 

 to the sharks. Its snout is prolonged into a long, flat; 

 bony blade, armed on each side with 

 large teeth. Pristis anfiquoniin 

 Latham (Fig. 390), the common saw- 

 fish, inhabits the Mediterranean Sea 

 and the Gulf of Mexico ; it is vivipa- 

 rous (Caton.) Prist is Perroteli lives 

 in the Senegal Eiver, while Carcharias 

 gangeticus is found sixty leagues from 

 the sea. 



The genuine skates or rays have the 

 body broad and flat, rhomboidal (ow- 

 ing to the great extension of the 

 thick pectoral fins). Portions of the 

 ventral fins in the males are so elon- 

 gated and modified as to form intro- 

 niittent and clasping organs. They 

 swim close to the bottom, feeding upon 

 shell-fish, crabs, etc., crushing them 

 with their powerful flattened teetli. 

 The spiracle is especially developed in 

 the rays, while, as observed by G-ar- 

 man, in the majority of the sharks 

 which swim in midwater or near the 

 suj-fac:, the water enters the mouth 

 and passes freely out of the gill-open- 

 ings, but in the ravs, which remain at 



., . ^. ,, ' ^ ^ Fig. .390— Boak of Saw-fish, 



the bottom, the purer sea-water enters seen frum beiow, t^iiowiug its 



,1 ■ij!_i A ^ £ moutli, nostrils, and laieral 



the spiracle from above to jjass out ot teeth.— After Owen. 

 the gill-slits. 



The smallest and most common skate of our northeast- 

 ern Atlantic coast is Raja erinucea 3Iitchell. It is one half 

 of a metre (twenty inches) in length, and the males are 

 smaller than the females. The largest species is the barn- 

 door skate, Raia Icevis Mitchell, which is over a metie (fortv- 



