i86 OLan&scape arcbitecture 



harmony and restfulness. The lawn should be like 

 the waves of the sea or a lake beating on the shores of 

 varied coast lines of trees and shrubs, with the flowers 

 acting like the foam and spray, thrusting themselves 

 forward on much the same lines of contrast, conflict, 

 and jrielding. The chief art, however, lies in keeping 

 the essential spirit of the scenery pervasive and recur- 

 rent at irregular intervals throughout. 



It is hardly possible to convey any adequate idea of 

 how this grading is to be done under all circumstances, 

 conditions vary so continually, but there is a way of 

 doing this, depending on existing relations of things that 

 can only be attained by long training and much obser- 

 vation; and yet this is the very thing that is generally 

 left to the ordinary day labourer. 



We have cited Prince Puckler's wise suggestions on 

 grading, but going back quite half a century earlier we 

 read in the pages of Thomas Whately a really profound 

 and illuminating dissertation on the subject. Thomas 

 Whately is a well-known and highly respected authority 

 on landscape gardening both in his own day (1770) and 

 at the present time. The weight of his advice there- 

 fore will excuse the following extended quotation from 

 his principal work: 



"A plain is not, however, interesting, and the 

 least deviation from the uniformity of its surface 

 changes its nature; as long as the flat remains, it 

 depends on the objects around for all its variety and 

 all its beauty, but convex and concave forms are 



