118 TELEOSTEL; ACANTHOPTERI. — XX. 
J- Scales large, 5-34-11; opercular spot wholly surrounded by a very 
broad red margin. 
312. L. humilis (Girard). Body oblong; spines high; cheeks 
with 5 rows of scales. Olive, with greenish specks, posteriorly; 
sides with round orange spots ; belly and lower fins red. Head 23; 
depth 2}. L. 2}. Ky. to Neb. and Texas; very abundant S. W. 
(Lat., humble.) 
Jf. Scales rather small, 42 to 50 in the lateral line. 
g- Opercular flap in the adult, very broad, without pale edge; D. and 
A. in adult with a large black spot on the last rays. 
313. L. pallidus (Mitchill). Biur Sun-risu. Copprer-nosep 
Bream. DoiiarpEE. Body deep, compressed, the young slen- 
der, the adult yery deep; tail slender; head small; mouth quite 
small, the maxillary barely to eye; gill-rakers slender, about 10; 
D. spines higher than in related species. Olive green; young pur- 
plish silvery, with greenish cross-bars; no blue stripes on cheek; no 
red on fins; old specimens often dusky, with the belly coppery red. 
Head 3; depth 2. Lat. 1.44. L.10. Great Lakes to N. Y., Kans, 
Fla. and Mexico; very abundant. Very variable, but usually known 
by the black dorsal spot, which it shares with L. cyanellus. (Lat., 
pale.) 
gg» Opercular flap in the adult, very long and narrow, not wider than 
eye, its lower margin pale; dorsal and anal usually without dark 
spot. ' 
314. L. auritus (Linneus). Lonec-earep Sun-risn. Body 
rather elongate; mouth moderate, the maxillary past front of eye; 
gill rakers quite short, but stiff and rough; scales on eheek in 7 
rows. D. spines low. Olive, belly and lower fins largely red; 
scales on sides with bluish spots; bluish stripes on head, especially 
before eye. Head without flap, 3; depth 24. Lat.].47. L.8. 
Me. to La., only E. of the mountains; very abundant; usually 
known at sight by the long, narrow ear-flap. S. replaced by var. 
solis Cuv. & Val., with larger scales on cheek and belly, the former 
in 5 or 6 rows. (Lat., long-eared.) 
dd. Gill rakers very short, weak and flexible; no palatine teeth; opercu- 
lar flap in adult extremely long, with or without pale margin, 
variously shorter in young; head with blue streaks. (Xenotis 
Jordan.) 
315. L. megalotis (Rafinesque). Body short and deep, the 
profile steep ; mouth small, the maxillary to middle of eye; scales 
on cheek in 5 rows. Brilliant blue and orange, the former color 
predominating below, the blue in wavy streaks, the orange in spots; 
head with conspicuous blue stripes; fins mostly with membranes 
orange, the rays blue; V. dusky; no black spot on D. or A. Head 
without flap, 3; depth 1} to 24. Scales 5-38-14. L.6. Mich. 
to Dakota, S. to S.C. and Mexico; very abundant, especially in 
