142 TELEOSTEI: ACANTHOPTERI. — XX. 
aa, Vertebre typically 10 +14; second anal svine well developed. (Sci- 
e@nine.) 
a. Lower pharyngeals separate. 
y. Lower jaw without barbels. 
v. Teeth well developed, permanent in both jaws; lower pharyngeals 
narrow, with sharp teeth. 
d. Gill rakers slender, rather long; mouth oblique; A. inserted rather 
‘ posteriorly; preorbital narrow; slits and pores of upper jaw little 
developed; preopercle serrate, its lowest spine enlarged, turned 
downward; head not very broad, not spongy above. 
BAIRDIELLA, 174, 
dd, Gill rakers rather short and thick; anal further forward; snout 
with large pores, and 2 to 4 slits on its edge; preorbital broad; 
mouth inferior... . . 2. - «© « «© «© + «© « SovHna, 175. 
ec. Teeth very small, subequal, those in lower jaw lost with age; lower 
pharyngeals broad, with paved teeth; gill rakers short, but slender, 
otherwise as in Sciena. . . . . ~. .» + » Letosromus, 176. 
yy. Lower jaw with one or more barbels (otherwise essentially as in Sci- 
@na). 
e. Lower jaw with several slender barbels at its rami; preopercle 
serrate, . » + « » » « « « « » » Muicropocon, 177. 
ee. Lower jaw with one thickish barbel at its tip; no air-bladder; 
anal spine single; body long and low; preopercle crenulate. 
MENTICIREHUS, 178. 
ax. Lower pharyngeals very large, completely united, with coarse paved teeth; 
snout, etc., as in Sciena. 
J. Lower jaw with numerous barbels along the rami; preopercle 
nearly entire. . . . . « + » « » « Pogontas, 179. 
Sf. Lower jaw without barbels; preopercle obscurely serrate. 
APLODINOTUS, 180. 
173. CYNOSCION Gill. (kiov, dog; oxiatwva, sciena.) 
u. Soft dorsal and anal closely scaled. 
’. Back and sides nearly uniform silvery, without spots. 
387, C. nothus (Holbrook). WxITE Wraxk-risu. Body rather 
deep; snout short, bluntish; eye very large, 4 in head. Head 3}; 
depth 33. D. X-1,28. A.II,9. Scales 6-60-7. L.12. Va, 
to Fla. (Lat., spurious.) 
bb. Back and sides with irregular dark spots in undulating streaks. 
888. C. regalis (Bloch & Schneider). WeAx-Fisa. SqQuz- 
TEAGUE. Silvery, brownish above, and with bright reflections; fins 
without distinct spots; snout sharp; eye moderate, 5 to 7 in head. 
Head 3}; depth 44. D. X-1, 29. ‘A. 1,18. Lat. 1. 80. L. 24 
feet. Cape Cod to Fla., an abundant and most excellent food-fish. 
aa. Soft dorsal scaleless; back and upper fins with many conspicuous round 
black spots. 
389. C. nebulosus (Cuv. & Val.). Sporrep WEAK-FISH. Sil- 
very, back bluish. Head 34; depth 5. D. X-1, 25, A. I, 10. 
