GADIDA, — LXXXVIII. 161 
rakers 4. V.aslong as head. Head 6}. D. 74. N. Y. to Texas, 
scarce. 
ANACANTHINI. This suborder is distinguished chiefly by the 
total absence of spines in the fins, and also by the absence of any 
foramen in the scapular bone. ‘The ventrals are jugular, the 
scales various. There are 2 or 3 families, the best known being 
the 
Famity LXXXVIII. GADIDAG. (THE Cop-Fisuxs.) 
Body elongate, ending in an isocercal tail; scales small, cycloid. 
Mouth large, the teeth various. No pseudobranchie. Vertical 
fins separate. D. and A. long; no fin spines. Gill openings very 
wide, the membranes free from the isthmus. Gills 4. Air-bladder 
present. Pyloric ceca numerous. Vertebre about 50. Genera 
30, species about 90. Carnivorous fishes, chiefly of the Northern 
seas, many of them of great economic value. One species in fresh 
waters. 
w. Chin with a barbel; frontal bone normal; top of head without excavated 
area. (Gadine.) 
b. First D. composed of a band of fringes, preceded by a single ray; bar- 
bels 4; one on chin, one on each nostril, one on snout; anal fin single. 
RHINONEMUS, 217. 
bb. First D. of distinct rays. 
c. Dorsal fins two; anal fin one. 
d. Ventrals narrow, filamentous, each of 2 or 3 slender rays. 
Puycis, 218. 
dd, Ventrals broader, each of about 6 a vomer with teeth; no 
canines... . . + x « + « « » LO@pa, 21), 
cc. Dorsal and anal fins each angles veuttale well-developed. 
Brosmtvs, 220. 
ccc. Dorsal fins three; anals two. 
¢. Lower jaw included; barbel well developed. 
J. Vent below second dorsal. 
g. Shoulder girdle with its chief bone or coracoid much swollen; 
(lateral line black; maxillary not reaching eye) 
MELANOGRAMMUS, 221. 
gg» Shoulder girdle normal; (lateral line pale; maxillary reach- 
ing past front of ey eh are . + Ganus, 222, 
ff. Vent in front of second dorsal; (skull ‘peculiar 
MIcroGaDvs, 223. 
ee. Lower jaw es in barbel minute; teeth of upper jaw sub- 
equal. . . - - « + . Povxacnivus, 224. 
aa. Chin without trace of barbel ; foal ois divided; top of head with a 
large triangular excavated area, bounded by ridges. (Merlucciine.) 
h. Lower jaw projecting; teeth sharp, unequal, the larger ones 
movable; dorsals two; anal single; A. and 2d D. deeply 
notched; scales loose, silvery. . . Men uccius, 225. 
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