PLETHODONTIDA. — CII. 179 
aaaa. Costal grooves 14. 
501. A.microstomum (Cope). Blackish, usually with plumbeous 
shades and specks; head small, short, broad; body slender; skin 
very smooth and slippery ; snout very short, the lower jaw project- 
ing beyond it. Costal grooves 14. Ohio to Kansas and S. (juxpés, 
emall ; orépa, mouth.) 
Famity CI. PLETHODONTIDA. 
Vertebree amphicelian ; carpus and tarsus cartilaginous; para- 
sphenoid with one or two laminew which are covered by a coarse 
brush of teeth which look downwards on roof of mouth. The 
species with cylindric tails rarely or never enter water. Genera 11; 
species 35; chiefly North American. 
u. Tongue attached by a band running from its central or posterior pedicel to 
the anterior margin; premaxillaries two, with fontanelle. 
b. Toes4-4. . 2 6 6 6 ee ee © @ 6)» 6 HEMIDACTYLIUM, 256. 
bb, Toes 4-5. . « + »« « PLETHODON, 257. 
aa. Tongue free all atounil attached ‘by abe wenteal pedicel only; toes 4-5, all 
free, 
c. Premaxillaries two, with fontanelle. . . . . GYRINOPHILUS, 258. 
cc. Premaxillary single, with fontanelle. . . . . SPELERPES, 259. 
256. HEMIDACTYLIUM Tschudi. (jjyt-, half; Sdaxrudos, toe.) 
__502._H. scutatum (Schlegel). Brown above ; sno 
whitish below, with dots like ink spots; body short; tail slender ; 
Uskin of back with depressions resembling scales. Costal grooves 
13. L. 24. R.I. to IL, and S. 
257. PLETHODON Tschudi. (adjdos, crowd ; day, tooth.) 
a. Costal groove 16 to 18; palatine teeth not extending outward beyond inner 
nares. 
508. PP. cinereus (Green). Plumbeous above, often with a _ 
broad brownish red dorsal band; belly marbled; body very slen- 
der; tail cylindric; inner toes rudimentary. L. 3}. E. U.S, 
common under logs, etc.; nocturnal in habit and very active. 
‘(P. erythronotus Green.) 
aa. Costal grooves 14; palatine teeth extending outside of inner nares. 
504. P. glutinosus (Green), Black, usually with bluish-white 
blotches and specks; stout; tail rounded; inner toes well de- 
veloped. L. 5 to 7. E. U.S., chiefly terrestrial. 
ay 
258. GYRINOPHILUS Cope. (ypivos, tadpole; @idos, lover.) 
505. G. porphyriticus (Green). Yellowish or purplish brown 
above, irregularly blotched with gray; head broad; tail rounded at 
