232 AVES : ANSERES, — XXXV. 
and black, the dark waved lines unbroken; breast, rump, etc., 
black ; belly white ; speculum bluish gray, tipped with white; 9 
duller; bill and feet dull bluish. L. 20. W.10. T.3. B. 2}. 
N. Am., abundant. 
®. Bill as long as middle toe without claw, its tip flattened, the nail little 
hooked. (Aristonetta Baird.) 
700, A. vallisneria (Wilson). CaNnvas-Back Duck. Head 
and neck dark reddish brown; black wavy lines on back broken, 
the whitish predominating; bill dusky. L. 23. W. 9. T. 3. 
B. 22. N. Am.; especially coastwise in winter; a bird highly 
valued by epicures, but ordinarily not superior to any of the river- 
ducks. (Vallisneria spiralis, the “ Water Celery,” on which the 
bird feeds.) 
aa. Bill wider toward end than at base; ¢ with head and neck black. (Fu- 
ligula Stephens.) 
ce. Speculum white, tipped with black. 
701. A. marila (L.). Bie Scaur Duck. Biue Bity. Rart 
Duck. Fiocxine Fowx. Head, neck, and breast black; no 
ring about neck; back and sides whitish, the back finely waved 
with black; 9 with face white; the head and neck snuffy brown. 
L. 20. W. 9. Northern regions, the American bird is var. 
nearetica Stejneger, its 6 inner quills without white on inner web. 
(wapidn, charcoal.) 
702. A. affinis (Eyton). Lesser Scaup Duck. Similar, but 
smaller; the sides vermiculate with blackish. L.16. W.8. T. 
24. N. Am. (Lat., related.) 
cc. Speculum bluish gray. 
703, A. collaris (Donovan). RinG-NEcKED Duck. ¢ with an 
orange brown collar about neck; blackish above; crissum black ; 
lower parts white; wings brown; 9 chiefly brown, without collar. 
L.18. W. 8}. T. 2%. N. Am. (Lat., collared.) 
356. CLANGULA Leach. (Clangor, noise.) 
704. C. clangula (L.). GotpEen-rye. Garrot. & head puffy, 
glossy green with a round white spot before eye not touching bill; 
upper parts black; white continuous on outer surface of wing; 9 
head duller, snuff-colored and scarcely puffy, the body brownish. 
L.16to19. W.8}. T. 3}. N.Am.,common; “meat bad, rank 
and fishy.” (Eu.) The Amer. bird is var. americana Bonap. 
705, C.islandica (Gmelin). Barrow’s GoLpEN-rYE. Similar; 
head almost crested in ¢ ; gloss of head purplish ; a roundish white 
space before eye touching base of bill; white of wing divided by a 
dark line; 9 head dark brown. L.22. W.10. T. 3%. N.U.S. 
and N.; rare. (Eu.) (From Iceland.) 
