RALLIDA. — CXLIL 241 
377. RALLUS Linneus, (Fr., réle, from its note.) 
a, Large rails; wing more than 5. 
741. R. crepitans Gmelin. Ciapper Rart. SALT-wATER 
Marsa HEN. Olive brown, variegated with ashy; dull reddish 
brown below; little or no distinct chestnut anywhere. L. 14 to 16. 
W. 6. T. 23. B. 23. 9 smaller. Salt marshes; common S., 
N. to Mass. 
742. R. elegans Audubon. Kine Rat. FRESH-WATER 
Marsu-HEN. Brownish black, with bright chestnut below and on 
wing coverts; much brighter colored than the last, and larger ; 
a red, rather than a gray bird. L. 18. W. 7. B. 21. U.S, 
in fresh-water marshes, N. to Conn. 
aa. Small rails; wing less than 5. 
743, R. virginianus L. Vireinta Rart. Colors exactly as 
in R. elegans; much smaller. L. 10. W. 4. T. 14. B. 1}. 
N. Am., common E. 
378. PORZANA Vieillot. (Italian name.) 
a. Secondaries without white. t 
6. Wing more than 4; olive-brown above, striped with black. (Porzana.) 
744, P. carolina (L.). Carotmya Rart. Sora. Olive- 
brown, streaked ; adult with face and middle line of throat black; 
breast slaty gray; back streaked; belly barred. L. 9. W. 4}. 
T. 2. N. Am., common. 
&. Wings less than 3}; dusky, usually speckled with white. (Creciscus 
Cabanis.) 
745. P. jamaicensis (Gmelin). Buack Rar. Blackish, with 
white markings. L. 5}. W. 3. T. 14. Tropical Amer. etc., 
rarely N. to Ill. 
aa. Secondaries white. (Coturnicops Bonaparte.) 
746. P. noveboracensis (Gmelin). YELLOw Craxks. Buffy, 
blackish-streaked above with white marks, buffy below. L. 6. 
W. 34. T.14. E.N. Am, not common. (Lat., of New York.) 
379. IONORNIS Reichenbach. (iov, violet; gpus, bird.) 
747, I. martinica (L.). PurpLte GALLINULE. Olive green; 
head and lower parts purplish blue; wings and tail greenish-black; 
crissum white; bill mostly red; the shield blue. L.12. W. 7. 
T. 3. Tropical Amer., N. to N. E. (From Martinique.) 
380. GALLINULA Brisson. (Dim. of Lat. gallina, hen.) 
748. G. galeata (Lichtenstein). FLorrpaA GALLINULE. 
Brownish olive above, grayish black on head and below; wings 
and tail dusky ; bill, frontal shield, and ring around tibia red; feet 
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