PICIDA, — CLIX. \ 267 
d. Hind toes 2; nasal groove running nearly to tip of bill, which is not 
much compressed toward tip. . . . . . . Dryowares, 442. 
dd. Hind toe single (the real hind toe wanting); bill broad, much 
compressed. . - + PIcorpes, 443. 
cc. Tongue obtuse, brushy, scarcely extensible; nasal groove rnnning 
into tomium near middle of bill; bill evidently compressed to- 
wards its tip; (belly more or less yellowish). Spuyrapicus, 444. 
aa. Outer toe not longer than outer anterior toe. 
e. Head conspicuously crested ; (size large; bill dark). 
CroPHLeus, 445. 
ee. Head not crested. 
J. Upper mandible with a distinct low lateral ridge, the tip more 
orlesstruncate. . . . . . . . » MELANERPES, 446. 
ff. Upper mandible without distinct lateral ridge or nasal groove, 
the tip scarcely truncate. . « . . . . COLAPTES, 447. 
441. CAMPEPHILUS Gray. (kdprn, caterpillar ; Pidos, loving.) 
842. C. principalis (L.). Ivory-BILLED WoopPEckeER. Black 
with white on shoulders and wings; crest scarlet in ¢, black in 9. 
L. 21. W.1il. T. 8. Southern, formerly N. to S. Ill. 
442, DRYOBATES Boie. (8pus, oak ; Barns, walker.) 
u. Back black, with a long white stripe; sides usually white. 
843. D. villosus (L.). Harry Wooprrcxer. Bia Sap- 
Socker. Spotted and lengthwise streaked, but not banded; outer 
tail feathers wholly white. L.9. W. 5. T. 34. A scarlet nuchal 
band in # only. N. Am., common. 
844, D. pubescens (L.). Downy Woopprecxer. LITTLE 
Sap-SuckErR. Outer tail feathers white, barred with black; other- 
wise precisely like the other, but much smaller. L. 6}. W. 33. 
T. 28. N. Am., common. 
aa. Back black, barred with white; sides usually spotted or streaked with 
black. 
845. D. borealis (Vieillot). Rep-cockapED WooDPECKER. 
Black and white, spotted and crosswise banded, but not streaked ; 
a red line on each side of head in g. L. 84. W. 44. T. 3}. 
8. E. U. S., in swamps, N. to Penn. 
443. PICOIDES Lacépéde. (Picus; ci8os, resemblance.) 
846. P. arcticus (Swainson). BLAcK-BAcKED WOODPECKER. 
Black and white; no white on back or top of head; crown yellow 
in g, plain in 9. L.9. W.5. T. 33. N. Am.,S. in winter, 
to N. U.S. 
847. P.americanus Brehm. Back with white bars or a white 
stripe; usually more or less white on head; otherwise as in the pre- 
ceding, L. 8 W.44. T. 33. Arctic Amer., S. in winter to 
N.E. 
