268 AVES: PICI, — XLIV. 
444. SPHYRAPICUS Baird. (ocdipa, hammer; Picus.) 
848. S. varius (L.). YELLOW-BELLIED WoopPECKER. Black 
and whitish above; black on breast; rump mixed black and white; 
belly more or less yellowish; sides streaked with dusky; a white 
wing patch ; quills with white spots; crown red in adult # and 
usually 9 also; chin scarlet, throat black in #; both white in 9, 
young dull brownish. L. 8}. W.43%. TT. 3}. N. Am,, not rare, 
the only woodpecker which ever injures trees. 
445. CEOPHLCEUS Cabanis. (Hylatomus} Baird.) 
(xéo, to split; @dords, bark.) 
849. C. pileatus (L.). Logcocx. Black; white streak down 
neck; crest and cheek pateh scarlet in ¢; cheeks and front of 
crest black in 9. L.18. W. 9%. T.7. N. Am.; in heavy tim- 
ber, a shy bird, now rare; subspec. abieticola Bangs, northward. 
446. MELANERPES Swainson. (yédas, black; gpmns, creeper.) 
uw. Back, scapulars and wing-coverts glossy tlue-black (grayish in young). 
(Melanerpes.) 
850. M. erythrocephalus (L.). Rep-HEADED WOODPECKER. 
Whole head and neck crimson in both sexes, bordered below by 
black ; belly, rump, secondaries, etc., pure white; rest of body glossy 
blue-black. L. 9}. W. 5}. T. 3%. E. U.S., rare in N. E., very 
abundant W. (épudpds, red; xepady, head.) 
aa, Back, scapulars and wings barred with white. (Centurus Swainson.) 
851. M. carolinus (L.). REpD-BELLIED WoopPECKER. Gray- 
ish, much barred above with black and white; belly pale ashy, more 
or less reddish-tinged; crown and nape crimson in @, ashy in 9. 
L. 98. W.5. T. 34. E. U.S, rather S., common W. 
447, COLAPTES Swainson. (xodamris, chisel.) 
852. C.auratus (L.). YELLow-HAMMER. FLIcKER. GOLDEN- 
WINGED Wooprecker. Hicu-Horer.- Head ashy, with red 
nuchal crescent; back drab-color, barred with black; rump white ; 
below pinkish brown shading into yellowish; a black crescent on 
breast ; belly with numerous round black spots; shafts and under 
surfaces of quills golden yellow; @ with a black maxillary patch. 
L. 123. W. 6. TT. 4§. E. N, Am., abundant; subspec. luteus 
Bangs N. 
853. C. cafer (Gmelin). Rep-saarTreD Fiicker. Quills with 
orange red instead of golden; maxillary patches in g red instead 
1 The earlier name Hylatomus is set aside by the A. O. U. on account of the still 
earlier Hylotoma, a genus of Insects. I have elsewhere maintained that “ A name is 
aname without necessary meaning,” and therefore that generic names are different 
unless spelled alike, even though derived from the same Greek root. I prefer to use 
Hy , Er hila, Lagochila, L ia, Icteria, Cestreus, Heter serie and similar 
names, notwithstanding their similarity to Hyl , Er hilus, Lagocheilus, 
Lucanus, Icterus, Cestreus, and Heterodon. 
