272 AVES : PASSERES, — XLVI. 
c. Hinder edge of tarsus not compressed, rounded and scutellate like 
anterior edge; hind claw very long, straightish; developed pri- 
maries 9... ee - + + » ALAUDIDa, 164. 
cc. Hinder edge of trina, compressed, forming au sharp ridge, for the 
most part undivided. 
d. Primaries apparently but 9 (the first minute and displaced) ; the first 
developed (é. e. second) primary about as long as the next; bill not 
hooked at tip. 
e. Bill not fissirostral, the gape little longer than the culmen; outer 
primary never twice as long as inner, 
J. Bill cet a stout at base, with the commissure forming 
a more or less distinct angle at base of bill, ‘the cornors of 
the mouth '? drawn downward. 
g- Bill rather long, often longer than head, without notch at tip 
or bristles at the rictus. . . . . Icrzriva, 166. 
gg- Bill shorter than head, often notehed near tip, and usually 
with bristles at the rictus. . . . . FRinqruiipat, 167, 
Jf. Bill not truly conirostral (the corners of mouth not evidently 
drawn downward). 
h. Bill stout (conical in our species, the cutting edge with one 
or more lobes or nicks near its middle); nostrils placed 
high, exposed ; ae chiefly red or yellow, in our 
species). a + « + « TANAGRIDA, 168, 
hh. Bill rather slender, not ‘conical; angle of gonys not be- 
fore nostril. 
i. Hind claw short and curved, mostly shorter than its toe; 
tertials not elongate, not nearly reaching tips of pri- 
mariog, «2 « « . « © Myrorivripa, 173, 
ti. Hind claw long and straightish, mostly longer than its toe; 
tertials much elongate, nearly reaching tips of primaries. 
Moracitipa, 174. 
ee. Bill fissirostral,—the culmen very short, the gape very broad, 
its length more than twice the culmen; wings very acute, the 
outer primary more than twice length of innermost. 
Hirunpiniom, 169, 
dd. Primaries evidently ten, the first developed, but short, rarely half 
the length of the next; (first primary obsolete in some Vireos, 
known by the slightly hooked bill). 
j- Tarsus distinctly scutellate. 
k. Tarsus not longer than middle toe with claw; Dill 
short, depressed; (head crested ; tail tipped with yel- 
low, in our species). . . . . AmpuLipat, 170. 
kk. Tarsus longer than middle toe and claw (or if not, 
other characters not as above), 
1, Bill strongly hooked and toothed at tip, somewhat 
like a hawk’s bill. =. . . » . Lanurpa, 171. 
1, Bill slightly hooked at tip; (plumage more or less 
olivaceous). . . . . Virroniwat, 172, 
iil. Bill not evidently hooked at tip. 
m. Tail feathers stiff, pointed; bill decurved. 
Crerruiupa, 176. 
mm. Tail feathers more or less soft and rounded. 
w. Nasal feathers directed forwards, usually cov- 
ering the nostrils. 
