296 AVES: PASSERES. — XLVI, 
953. V. gilvus (Vieillot). Warsiine Vireo. Colors exactly 
as in the preceding, but the spurious quill evident. L.5}. W. 23. 
T. 2}. E.N. A., frequent; an exquisite songster, nesting in tall 
trees in cities. (Lat., yellowish.) 
bb. Stout species, the bill short and stout, blue-black; a pale stripe running 
to and around eye; two white wing bars; quills blackish, mostly 
edged with pale; feet stout. (Lanivireo Baird.) 
d. Primaries apparently 9, the first obsolete. 
954. V. flavifrons Vieillot. YELLOW-THROATED ViREO. Rich 
olive green above, becoming ashy on rump; bright yellow below; 
belly white; superciliary line and orbital ring yellow. L.53. W. 
3. T. 2 E. U. &., abundant, the most brightly colored species. 
(Lat., yellow-fronted. ) 
dd. Primaries evidently 10, the first small but distinct. 
955. V. solitarius (Wilson). BLuE-HEADED Vireo. Bright 
olive green; crown and sides of head bluish-ash; stripe to and 
around eye white; a dusky line below it; white below, washed 
with yellow. L. 53. W.3. T. 2}. U.S. in woodland; a hand- 
some species. Var. alticola Brewster, is a larger form, darker in 
color, in the Great Smoky region and S. 
aa. Wings relatively short and rounded, not } longer than tail, first primary 
% or more length of second; bill stout. ( Vireo.) , 
956. V. noveboracensis (Gmelin). WuHiTE-EYED VIREO. 
Bright olive green, white below; sides and crissum bright yellow; 
pale wing bars; stripe from bill to and around eye, yellow; iris 
white. L.5. W.24. T. 2}. E.U.S., in thickets; a sprightly 
bird, with a loud and varied song. (Lat., of New York.) 
957. V. belli Audubon. Berxz’s Vireo. Olive green, yellow 
below, chin and superciliary line whitish ; wing bars whitish. L. 4}. 
W..24. T.2. Ill. to Dak. and W. (ToJ. G. Bell.) 
Famity CLXXILI. MNIOTILTIDA. (Tut New Wortp 
WaARBLERS.) 
Primaries 9; inner secondaries not enlarged, nor the hind toe 
long and straight, as in Alaudide and Motacillide. Bill usually 
rather slender, notched or not; the commissure not angulated at 
base, as in Fringillide, nor toothed in the middle, as in some Tana- 
gride ; the end not notched and abruptly hooked, as in Vireonide 
and Lanitide ; the gape not broad and reaching to the eyes, as in 
Hirundinide. 
The Warblers are small birds; all, except Jcteria, are less 
than 6} inches in length, and very many are less than 5. The 
colors are usually brilliant and variegated, but the sexes are unlike, 
and the variations due to age and season are great, so that the 
identification of immature birds is often very difficult. Many of 
