20 



FIRST LESSONS IN ZOOLOGY 



Other moths and butterflies. — The life-history of the 

 silkworm moth serves as an example of the life of all 

 moths, and of butterflies too, which are closely related 

 to moths. In e\'ery case there hatch from the egys not 

 small moths and butterflies, but worm-like larvae, which we 

 call caterpillars (figs. 7 and 8). These larva; feed mostly 

 on green leaves, grow rapidly, moult several times, and 



Fig. 10. — Chrysalid (pupil) (jf tlie viiilet-tip Imtt.-rfly, Fo/ri:oi:ia i/i/,rro«a- 

 tionis. From this chrysalid issues the full-fledged butterfly. (Photo, 

 grapli from life, by the author.) 



finally change to pupa;, i.e., pupate. Before pupating some 

 spin a silken cocoon as the silkworm does, some may 

 burrow into the ground, and some simply crawl into a 

 sheltered spot, or hang from some twig and change into a 

 naked pupa or chrysalid (figs. 9 and 10). In this latter 

 case the color of the chr^-salid usually harmonizes so 

 well with the surrounding leaves or bark that it is almost 

 indistinguishable. Almost any caterpillars that are found 



