38 



FIRST LESSONS IN ZOOLOGY 



the larv.u liatch. The instincts connected witli nest- 

 niakiny and carina; for the )'oung shown b)' the non- 

 social or diyyer wasps and the solitary bees are remark- 

 able, and offer an intensely interesting field of outdoor 

 observation and study. (See the special account of these 

 habits in Chapter XII on insects.) 



Many insects make for themselves simple burrows or 

 nests in the ground or wood. When not feeding they 

 can retire to these burrows and lie there somewhat pro- 

 tected from their enemies, the birds and the predaceous 

 insects. The eggs of many insects are thrust by the 



female into the soft tissue 

 of leaves and stems, or 

 even into bark and hard 

 wood. When the young 

 hatch they burrow about 

 in the plant or tree, feed- 

 ing on the juices or other 

 plant substance, and re- 

 maining out of sight and 

 reach of their outside 

 enemies. The larvje of 

 certain moths burrow 

 about in the soft inside 

 tissue of leaves, the whole 

 life of the moth except its 

 short adult stage being 

 passed inside the leaf 

 spider, with side reiiKjved t(j show These moths are called 



eyu-packets and chamlKTs. (Two and I,..,f. ,,,:„„,-<, ThpHrva-of 

 onedialftimes natural size; after Sno,l- "-'^' '""'ei S. 1 ne lai \ a_ 01 



gri'ss.) some motlis and of man\' 



small four-winged h^-menopterous midges li\'e through 

 their immature life in galls (fig. 20) on live plants. The 

 mother, with a tin_\-, pointed ovipc.isitor, tln'usts her eggs 

 intii soft jilant tissue, which closes i.iver them. When the 



Egp;-coco(.n of the laby 



