2 88 FIRST LESSONS IN ZOOLOGY 



mony with, the color tone of their surroundings; they 

 sliow a striking resemblance to some particular part of 

 their surroundings. An insect common all over the 

 countr}-, but only rarely distinguished and recognized, is 

 the walking-stick insect (fig. 225). Its body is long and 

 slender, its legs very long and held stiffly and angularly, 

 and it has no wings. Its body and legs are colored 

 either dull green all over, or blackish brown. And when 

 not walking slowly about it always rests quietly on a 

 twig or branch, from which the eye with difficulty sepa- 

 rates it. In the tropics the so-called green-leaf insect, 

 rhyllium, resembles in great detail a broad green leaf. 

 Its body is broad and leaf-shaped, its color bright green 

 with delicate lines to imitate the midrib and veins of a 

 leaf, and it even has pale irregular yellow spots 

 which imitate mouldy and yellow places on a real leaf. 

 But most remarkable of all is the famous dead-leaf insect, 

 Kallima (fig. 226), not uncommon in tropical Africa, 

 South America, and the Australasian islands. The upper 

 surfaces of the wings of this butterfly are brownish gray 

 with a broad purplish bar on each wing, making a rather 

 conspicuous pattern ; but the under sides are so colored 

 and arc marked with such faithfulness of detail that when 

 Kallima alights and folds its wings together above its 

 back, as butterflies do, it resembles exactly a large, brown, 

 dead leaf, still attached to the twig by a short pedicel or 

 stem (imitated by a " tail " on the hind wings). The 

 mock leaf is veined by means of lines of darker scales 

 exactly as leaves arc veined. 



In this country are certain butterflies, the Graptas, 

 sometimes called dead-leaf butterflies, which resemble in 

 color and shape, and in the ragged edges of the wing, 

 dead and torn autumn leaves, but the resemblance is not 

 carried out in such detail as with Kallima, 



Warning colors. — But not all insects or other animals 



