STUURS aokicultli;al K\rE[ii:\ii':xT statkix. 335 



84. Twig-s smooth or downy but not woolly; buds pDiuted. g-enerally 

 smiMiili or somewhat downy; st ipule-s,a t\s mun.-- nr less behind 

 leaf-scar Plum (Pi'tinics) 150 



THE PINES 

 Pinus. 



Needle-shaped leaves in many small clusters of n or less, each 

 cluster surrounded by a persistent or deciduous sheath and borne on a 

 rudimentary branch which is subtended by a scale-like primary leaf; 

 fruit a cone with "woody scales, maturing at the end of the second or 

 third season; seeds wing-ed. The position of the resin-duets in the 

 leaves is a distinctive character of some value and may be observed 

 if a thin cross section is made with a sharp knife and viewed toward the 

 light with a hand-lens. Twig- photographs are about \i natural size. 



85. 5 needles in a cluster White Pine (Pinns Strohns)v--i44 



85. Less than 5 needles In a cluster 86 



8(1. 3 needles in a cluster Pitoh Pine (Pinus rigida )p.S4ii 



86. 2 needles in a cluster 1S7 



87. Needles 3-6 in. long-, cones at right angles to branch 88 



87. Needles ^ij-Si^ in. long, cones puinting either ba<'kward or for- 

 ward 89 



SS. Twigs reddish-brown, leaves slender and tlexible, resin-ducts peri- 

 pheral; native species Red Pine (Pinus reS7nos«;p.3J»0 



88. Twigs yellowish-brown, leaves thicker and stiff, resin-ducts between 



periphery and bundle; European species 



AiiMtriiiu Piue (Pinus Laricio, var. anstriacai p.352 



89. Cones pointing forward, leaves "^j-1^2 in. long, dark yellowish- 

 green, resin-diu'ts bet "ween periphery' and bundle ; native species. 

 Jaek I'ine (Pinus Banksianal p.34S 



89. Cones pointing backward, leaves ll^-^l'j in. long, bluish-green. 



resin-duets peripheral; European species 



Scotch Piue (Pinus sylvestris) p.354 



THE LARCHES 

 Larix. 



Pyramidal deciduous-leaved cone-bearing- trees; twig-s -u'ith resin- 

 oiis'taste; rapidly-gro-wn slioots -^dtli numerous scattered strongly de- 

 current leaf-scars -with single bundle-scars: short stout -\vart-like 

 branches with densely clustered leaf-scars abundant. 



90. Cones ^0-% inch long with tew scales: twigs pale reddisl-i-brown; 



a native tree growing in swamps 



American Ijiireli (Laii.r laricina )it.ST>G 



90. Cones 1 inch or more long with many scales: twigs yellowish, 



stouter; a European tree 



European Larch (Larix decidua) under Comparisons ii.SOn 



THE SPRUCES 

 Picea. 



Evergreen pj-ramidal trees ^-\'ith scaly bark, alternate scattered, 4- 

 angled leaves without proper leaf-stalks but perched on persistent 

 decurrent projections from the bark and ovate to cylindrical pendant 

 cones which fall off the tree entire. The Spruces are distinguished from 

 the Balsam Fir by the 4-sided scattered leaves, the projecting leaf-scars 

 and the scaly bark. Twig pl-iotographs are aljout Vs natural size. 



91. Twigs hairy 93 



91. Twigs smooth or nearly so, cones cylindrical 94 



92 Cones cvlindrical, more than 3 inches long: cultivated species 



Xoi w!i,>- Spruce (Picea Ahicsj p.SGO 



93. Cones ovate to oblong, less than 3 inches long 93 



93 Leaves dark yellowish green, %--';,l inch long. Cones ovate-oblong 

 iy,-2 inches long; a tree growing- (.n uplands, rarely in wet places, 

 reaching 40 ft. or more in height Kcil Spruce (Picea rubraJp.SOO 



