336 XEW EXGLAXD TREES IX WIXTEK. 



93. Leaves bluish green, U"^''^ in^'li long:, cones ovate, i^-lH inches 

 long-, i-ersistent on tree for more than a year; ^a tree growing 

 chieflj' in s"^vamps or lowlands, generally' under 30 ft. in height, 



sometimes fruiting Vi'hen less than 5 ft. high 



Black Spruce (Picea juan'anay p. 362 



94. Leaves green, cones 4-7 inches long, cultivated species 



Xor«-ay Spruce (Picea Abies) p.366 



94. Lea'ves bluish green or silver^" 95 



95. Cones 21^.-4 inches long, cone scales distinctly longer than broad 



with narrowed, ragged, blunt apex: cultivated western species 



Blue Spruce (Picea Meniiesii) p. 364 



95. Cones li'^-2 inches long, cone scales rounded, not ragged; leaves 

 generally ^'ith unpleasant odor, native in northern New England 

 but cultivated further south. AVhite Spruce (Picea canadensisj p.SoS 



THE POPLARS 



Populus. 



Rapidly gro-^^ing trees generally with erect more or less continuous 

 trunk forming generally distinct ■u'horls of branches at top of each 

 year's growth by which the age of the tree may be estimated: branchlets 

 brittle easily separating at point_of attachment; young bark smooth, 

 generally light colored; pith. .: -pointed star- shaped, upon drying 

 generally turning brown or black; leaf-scars large, 3-lobed. inverted 

 triangular, covered T\-ith a light colored corky layer; stipule-scars 

 generally distinct, narrow; bundle-scars 3. simple or compound in 3 

 groups; buds with the first scale anterior (facing outward), the first 

 pair of scales small and opposite; scale-scars marking annual 

 g-rowth persisting- for several years; seeds downy, produced from catkins 

 in spring, the tree often spreading widely by formation of root 

 suckers. The Poplars resemble the Willows but are easily distinguished 

 "by the numerous scales to the bud. In addition to the native species 

 liere described a rare form, the Downy Poplar. IPopuUis heterophylJa L.] 

 occurs locally in swamps in southern New England. 



96. Twigs of past season more or less slender, covered at least at apex 

 with white cottony felt which may be readily rubbed off exposing 

 the greenish bark below Silver Poplar (Populus aJbaip.^'^ii 



96. Twigs smooth, not at all covered with white felt 97 



97. Twigs yellowish 98 



97. Twigs not yellowish ( generally reddish-brown) 99 



9S. Lateral buds for the most part divergent, large, about 10 mm. or 

 more in length, tree with more or less pyramidal head, but not 

 narrowly spire-shaped. .... Cnroliua Poplar (Populus deJtoideslo-^Q-i 



9S. Lateral buds for the most part appressed, smaller, generally under 



S mm. lo7ig", t ree narrriwi\" spire- shaped 



r LoHibardy Poplar (Populus nigra, var. italica}p.S9G 



99. Buds more or less pale dustj'-downy 



Lariee-toothetl Aspeu (Populus grandideyitata) p.SitO 



99. Buds not downy 100 



100. Buds large. o\-er 1-5 mm. I<".ng, co-^'ered ■with fragrant sticky gum. 



ItalNani Poplar (Populus balsa tn if era )p.iiU2 



100. Buds s ni a 1 1 . u n il e r 10 mm. long", s li i n y , s 1 i g h 1 1 >' sticky but not 



fragrant Smnll-tootlieil AMpeii (Populus tremuloidesJp.S^ 



THE HICKORIES 



Carya. 



Trees with smooth gray tough bark in young trees, becoming rough- 

 ened with age; twigs in the main stout, tough, flexible, but with 

 difficulty broken, dark, sharply outlined against the sky; buds more or 

 less naked to evidently scaly, frequently superposed, the lateral some- 

 times enclosed in a sac soon splitting at the top and often stalked; 

 leaf- scars alternate, more than 2-ranked. large, conspicuous, more or 

 less 3-lobed inversely triangular: bundle-scars conspicuous, more than 3, 

 irregularly scattered or collected in 3 more or less regular groups, rarely 

 in a straight line; pith not chambered except at nodes, sometimes some- 

 T\'hat star-shaped in cross section: lenticels oblong, conspicuous; fruit 

 an vinsculptured nut. inclosed In a husk which splits into four valves 

 at least at the apex. 



