348 



KEW EXGLAXD TREES IX AVIXTER. 



JACK PINE 



Northern Scrub Pine, Gray Pine, Spruce Pine. 



Pinus Banksiana Lamb. 

 P. divaricata auth. 



HABIT — L'sually a low tree l?-30 ft. in height with a trunk diameter 

 of ti'-b inches, under favorable conditions becoming- 50-60 ft. high with 

 a trunk diameter of 10-15 inches; with large spreading- branches forming- 

 an oi>en symmetrical head resembling somewhat the Spruce in regular- 

 it\' ijf C'Utline or on exposed T^'ind:>" situations and in poor soil becoming 

 stunted with gnarled stem and irregular scraggly distorted head. 



HARK — Dark reddish-brown with irregular rounded ridges roughened 

 with close scales. 



TWIGS — Rather slender, reddish to purplish brown, not downy, rough- 

 ened by scales subtending leaf-clusters. 



LEAVK8 — In clusters of 2, with short persistent sheaths, dark 

 >'t:'llo^visl"i -green. Vz-lVz inches long, stout, stiff, generallj' cur\'ed and 

 twisted, tiattened or concave on one side, rounded on the other, tip 

 pointed. MICROSCOPIC SECTIOX"" — showing 2 widely separated 



fibro-vascular bundles, resin-ducts located intermediate between bundles 

 and periphery, a single layer of strengthening cells around the resin- 

 ducts and one or more layers beneath the epidermis. 



BUDS — 0\'ate. short-pointed, coated more or less thickly with resin. 



FRl IT — Cones 1-2 inches long, without stalks, conic-oblong usually 

 cur\'ed and pointing forward, appearing bet"U'een or sometimes at the 

 wliorls of lateral branches, more or less distorted, remaining closed 

 fttr se\-eral years, persisting on the tree often for a dozen years. 

 SCALES^in young cones with an incurved prickle, when mature 

 thickened at the apex without spines or prickles. 



CO'>II»ARISOXS — The short yellowish-green needles of the Jack Pine 

 "nMll distinguish this sv-»ecies from other Pines. The longest needles some- 

 times approach in size short needles of the Scotch Pine, but those of 

 tlie Scotch Pine are of a bluish-green coh^r and moreover their cones 

 point backward instead of forward as in the Jack Pine. 



DISTRIIU TIO\ — Sterile, sandy soil; lowlands, boggy plains, rocky 



slopes. X'u\"a Scotia, ncirth westerly to the Athabasca river, and north - 

 erlj- down the ^Mackenzie to the Arctic circle ; -u-est through northern 

 New York, northern Illinois, and Michigan to Minnesota. 



IX NEW EXGLAXD — Maine — Traveller Mountain and Grand Lake; 

 Bears Island on Washington county coast. Harrington. Orland, and 

 Cape Rijsier; Schoodic peninsula in Gouldsboro. a forest 30 ft. high; 

 Flagstaff; east branch of Penobscot: the Forks; Lake Umbagog; Xe-w 

 Hampshire — -around the shores of Lake E'mbagog, on points extending 

 into the lake, rare; TWii.h mountains; Vermont — rare, but few trees 

 at each station; Monkton in Addison county; Fairfax, Franklin county; 

 Starkesboro. 



IX COXXECTICUT— Xot reported. 



A\'OOD — Light, soft, not strong, close-grained, clear pale brown or 

 rarely orange color with a thick nearly white sapwood; used for fuel 

 and occasionally for railroad ties and posts; occasionallv manufactured 

 into lumber. 



