33'J XI-:\V EXGLAXD TREES IX WINTER. 



4:^. Twig-s nearly ^traigiit; pith more or less .'.-pnintecl. star-shaned; 

 buds and twigs not mucilaginuus when chewed; fruit a large bur. 

 Chestnut (Castanea dentata) x>.430 



4:";. Buds superposed, at least at some of the nodes; stipule-scars i^bsent; 



older pith with reddish streaks 



Redbud. (Ceicis cu)Ladensis/ p.ois 



4:h Buus ni-\L-r sup'^ i I'^^td ; stii>ule-scars present; pith without red- 

 dish .streaks 44 



44. 2-3 scales ^"isible to a bud 45 



44. 4 or mure scales visible to a bud 46 



4.'. Buds stout; buds and twig-s niucilag'inous when chewed; lenticels 

 not horizontally elong'ated; fruit spherical, woody, about size of 

 pea, attached to leafy bract Liuden (Tilia) p,550 



45. Buds narrower, buds and twigs not mucilag-inous when chewed; 

 lenticels on stems and branches horizontally elongated; bark often 

 peeling in papery layers; fruit a winged seed- like bodv borne in 

 catkins Kirch (Betulaj 104 



46. Bud- scales 2 -ranked (i.e. arranged on the bud in 2 longitudinal 

 rows) ; leaf- scars covered with a smooth corky layer; bundle- 

 scars typically sunken; bark ridged; catkins absent 



Elm (Ulmus) 137 



46. Bud-scales more than 2-ranked; leaf-scars not covered with 

 smooth corky layer; bundle-scars not sunken; fruit borne in cat- 

 kins 47 



47. Lenticels horizontally elongated with age; bark on young trunks 

 and branches smooth, not becoming fluted, often peeling into papery 

 layers but not flaky; fruit a flat seed-like body borne in catkins; 

 catkins generally present on tree in winter. Birch (Betula) 104 



47. Lenticels not horizontally elongated; bark flaky or fluted; bud- 

 scales 4-ranked ; fruit a nutlet attached to a bract 4S 



4S. Bark flaky; twigs 1-2 mm. thick: buds usually 3-7 mm. long; 



nutlet enclosed by a sac-like bract; staminate catkins generally 



abundantly present in winter 



Hop Hornheiini (Ostrya virginiana) ii.4llO 



4S. Bark smooth, close, sinewy-fluted; twigs about 1 mm. or less 



thick: buds usually 2-4 mm. long; nutlet attached to flattish. 



toothed bract; staminate catkins enclosed in enlarged scaly buds, 



therefore no catkins visible on tree in winter 



Aniericnii Horiibenin ('Carpinus caroliniana) p. 412 



49. Buds clustered at tips of vigorous shoots; terminal bud not greatly 

 larger than others of the cluster 50 



49. Buds not clustered at tips of "\'igrirous shoots, or if slightly clus- 

 tered, then terminal bud much larger than others of the cluster 53 



50. Bundle-scars numerous, scattered; pith regularly 5-pointed. star- 

 shaped Oak (Quercus) 109 and 120 



50. Bundle-scars 3; pith not 5-pointed, star-shaped 51 



51. Terminal bud absent, but leaving a terminal scar on twig 



Plum (Prunus) 150 



51. Terminal bud present 52 



52. Buds woolly at least at tip: collateral buds generally present 



Peach (Prunus Persica) p-'l^ 



52. Buds smonih; cniiateral buds generally absent 



AAMId Red Cherry (Pi-xnns pennsylranica) p.rJOO 



(See also other cherries 144.) 



Buds stalked 54 



Buds not stalked 56 



Buds b?-ight yellow dotted, often superposed 



Ritteriiut (Carya cO)-<lifoi->n>sJi*.4US 



Buds not bright >-eIlow dotted, not superposed 55 



Buds always stalked, blunt; stipule-scars present: catkins present 



in winter \lder (Alnvs) p.42(> 



Buds, except occasionally on rapidly grown twigs, generally not 

 stalked, pointed; corky ridges generally present on branchlets: 



si ipule-scci rs and catkins absent 



S-»vcet Gum (lAquulamhar Styrari'fluaJp.ASO 



