324 



XEW ENGLAND TREES IN WINTER. 



-tr 



M.ist speuics Ijy the end of the gTo\\-iiig season have formed 

 terminal buils \\hieh remain through the winter and are destined 

 ti:> eontiuue tlie growtli tlie following spring. In 

 some s^jecies, liowever, sueh as the ]\[ullierry (fig. 8) 

 the terminal bud togetlier with the tip of the twig 

 ilies away and drops off before the beginning of winter 

 leaving a small scar at the end of the twig. The 

 jiresenee or absence of the terminal bud is a very 

 \aluable point of distinction and is used Ihrouglioiit 

 in the keys. Unfortunately it is not always possible 

 at a cursory glance to say whether the terminal bud 

 IS present or absent and a hand-lens must generally 

 be used for an accurate determination of this point. 

 In the Mulberry figured, the self-pruning scar formed 

 Sp by the dropping oft' of the terminal 



g^^ laid is perched on the tip of the twig 



with the topmost lateral bud obvi- 

 ously in the a.xil of the last leaf-scar. 

 Frecpicntly, however, the self-prun- 

 ing scar may be nearer the lateral 

 lind which Ijends in and gives the 

 — p appearance of being terminal. The 

 Pig ,;_T\vig of jiresencc of a leaf-scar below it Fig. 7— Twig- of Red 



tr— tersiiinal bud. sIlOWS that it IS 111 fact aXlllaiT, 

 ax — a.xillarv bud. , , . i ^ , • ' 



.s p— Superposed but siucB Icat-scars are sometimei 



acce.^sorv bud. n ,> , ■ -ii ^ i n ■ 



p— chauibered presciit toward the end of twigs witliout inuls m 

 their axils the presence of the self-pruning scar at 

 the twig end must lie used as the decisive sign that the terminal 

 bud is really al)sent. 



Aside from the color, the presence or absence of hairs, stickiness, 

 fragrance and other such surface characters, the position of the 

 buds in relation to the twig may be of importance. Buds that lie 

 close up against the twig as those of the Small-toothed xVspen 

 (p. 381)) are called oppressed, while those that project more or 

 less away from the twig as those of the Carolina Poplar 

 ( lig. 5) are called divergent. In the Common Locust 

 and a few other forms the buds are sunken below tlie surface of the 

 twig, and can be found only by cutting the twig lengthwise 

 througli the leaf-scar. 



Maple 



ax — axillary b\id. 



cl — collateral acces- 

 sory bud. 



