400 



XinV ENGLAND TREES IX WlXTKIt. 



BLACK WALNUT 



Juglans nigra L. 



HABIT — A larg-e tree, 50-75 ft. hig^h T\'ith a trunk diameter of 2-5 ft., 

 rearliiug- a heig-ht of 150 ft. and a trunk diameter of 6-S ft. in tlie Ohio 

 valley; trunk straig-ht, tapering", g:iving- off stout brandies, those below 

 often nearly horizontal or declined, those above arising: at a sharper 

 angle, spreading, forming" an open, sj^mnietrical. round-topped head. 



BARK — Thick, dark, roug'h, deeply f urro^ved into rounded ridges; 

 Inner bark b e c ij rn i n g >' e 1 1 u \\" on e x p li s u r e I o air. 



TWIGS — Stout, densely gray-downy to smooth and reddish-buff; bitter 

 to taste and coloring" saliva j'ellow "v^Tien chewed. LEXTICELS — small, 

 pale, rai.'^ed dots, rather inconspicuous. PITH — buff, paler than that 

 of Buu t-rnut, chambered, the open chambers se\'eral times ^"ider than 

 the i n t f r \' e n i n g' diaphragms. 



Lh^A F- SCARS — Large, conspicuous. ele^'ated, o-lobed inversely 

 triang-ular to heart-shaped, upper margin distinctly notched enclosing 

 the- axillary bud: no downy pad above leaf-sear. BUXDLE-SCARS^ 

 dark, i.' 1 1 n s p i u u i.i u s in 3 L' - s li a p t- d clusters. 



Bins — Pale, si Iky- down \' ; terminal huds o"S'ate. g"enerall\" under 10 

 mm. long" and scarcely long-er than broad, slig'htly llattened. obliquely 

 blLint-piunted ; lateral buds smaller, their outer scales opening" at apex 

 during" winter, frequent 1\' a single superposed accessory bud abo\'e 

 axillary bud. BUD-SCALES — thick, outer scalt^s uf tt-rmlnal bud gener- 

 ally not e\'idently lobed. 



FRl'IT — Tiound-nval, 4-10 cm. in diameter, husk smooth not regularly 

 splitting. XUT — dark hmwu. nm Qd-o\"al, slightly rlatteiied. sculptured 

 with interrupted, irregular, thirk ridges; within 4-celled below the 

 Tu i d d 1 e , 1' - o e 1 1 e d a I J o \- e ; s e <f d s w l- <:■ t . edible, o i 1 >' , soon b e c o m i n g r a n old. 



<-0>riVVRISO\S — The Black "VValnut is most closely related to the 

 Butternut which it resembles in its chambered pith and the general 

 twig aiipearance. The Butternut, howe\"er. has terminal buds longer 

 than broad, downy pads above leaf-scars which are not notched as are 

 leaf -scars of the Black Walnut and it further has elongated rather 

 than spherical nuts. The pith is dark brown while that of Black 

 Walnut is pale buff and the chambers are not much wider than the 

 diaphragms. In habit it is a lower, more spreading tree than the 

 Pilack Walnut and the light gray color especially of the flat ridges of 

 tlie hark is further characteristic. The points of dissimilarity to the 

 Bitternut arf luentiuned under this latter speoies. 



DISTRIBITIOX — Rich woods, largely destroyed for its valuable tim- 

 ber and now scarce; occasionally cultivated as an ornamental tree in 

 the eastern United States. Massachusetts; south to Florida; west to 

 Minufsida. Kansas. Arkansas and Texas. 



TX XEW EXGLAXD — Maine, New Hampshire, and A'ermont — not re- 

 ported native; Massachusetts — rare east of the Connecticut river, occa- 

 sional along the western part of the Connecticut valley to the New 

 York line; Rhode Island — doubtfully native, Apponaug. and elsewhere. 



IN CONX-ECTICUT — Rare. Roadsides and rockv hillsides, in most 



localities deri\-ed from planted trees: Norwich, East Hartford. Newing- 



ton, S<uithingtLin. Seymour and South bury, Trumbull and Easton. 

 Prubably nati\"e at North Canaan. 



\\OOI) — Heavy, hard, strnng. rather coarse-grained, very durable, 

 rich (lark hrr.wn, with thin lighter colored sapwood of 10-20 layers of 

 annual growth; largely used in cabinet -making, the interior finish of 

 houses, gun-stocks, and in boat and ship building. 



