458 NEW ENGLAXD TREES IN WINTEE. 



ENGLISH ELM 



Ulmus campestris L. 

 U. glabra Mill. 



HADIT — A larg-e tree reaching 100 ft. in height: trunk erect, gen- 

 erally continuous well into tlie crown, with branches given off at a 

 broad angle and continued horizontally or inclined upward, not drooping 

 at the ends in tlie graceful cur\-es characteristic of the American White 

 Elm, producing rather an Oak-like appearance with an oblong round- 

 topped head. 



BAUK — Dark, witii ridges broken transversely into firm oblong blocks. 



TA\"IGS — Similar to the Wliite Elm but generally a darker reddish- 

 brown, usually smooth or somewhat downy. 



LEAF-SCARS — Similar to the White Elm, bundle-scars frequently 

 more than 3. 



nUDS — Similar to the White Elm but of a dark smoky brown color 

 or almost black, smooth or more or less hairj'. 



FRl'IT — A flat, o\'ate, smooth, entire-winged fruit, ripening in spring. 



COirpARISONS — The erect Oak-like habit, the firm blocked ridges of 

 the bark, and the smoky smooth ish buds will serve to distinguish 

 tlie English Elm from its American cousins. There are a number of 

 varieties of the English Elm differing In habit of growth, one form 

 having corky ridges. We have described the most familiar type. 



DISTRIIIUTIOIV — The English Elm is not confined to England but 

 lilie the English sparrow occurs through Europe. It is not native to 

 America but was considerably planted formerly in the eastern sections 

 especially in Boston and vicinity, where some fine old specimens are to 

 be found. The trees in the plate were taken from Boston Common, the 

 two in the foreground at the right and the one In the background at 

 the left being English Elms while the smaller one, indistinctly out- 

 lined in the foreground at the left is an American White Elm. They 

 have all been rather severely pruned on account of insect depredations. 



AVOOD — Heavy, hard, fine-grained, durable in water, not liable to 

 crack when exposed to sun or weather: used in Europe for ships' blocks 

 and other wooden parts of rigging, for the keels of ships, for pumps 

 and water pipes, piles and other construction under water and for the 

 hubs of wheels. 



