Biological Molecules 
make up an organism would seem to be due to 
the different numbers and the varying arrange- 
ment of the biological atoms which compose the 
molecules from which unit characters are derived. 
This would be quite in accordance with the 
chemical notion of allotropy. Thus, the graphite 
and the diamond molecules are both made up of 
the same kind of atoms. 
But the biological atoms are living, that is to 
say, they are continually undergoing anabolism 
and katabolism, growth and decay. They 
exhibit all the phenomena of life, they must 
grow and divide, and they must absorb nourish- 
ment; hence it is not surprising that they should 
differ slightly among themselves, that they should 
exhibit the phenomenon of variation. Although 
probably all are composed of the same living 
material, no two are exactly alike, hence the 
molecules formed by them will also differ from 
one another. Thus we can see why it is that all 
organisms exhibit fluctuating variations. 
Very different are the discontinuous variations 
or mutations. These would seem to be due to 
either a rearrangement of the biological atoms in 
the biological molecule or the splitting up of 
the latter into two or more molecules. This, of 
course, is pure hypothesis. Let us take an 
imaginary example. Suppose that a biological 
molecule contains eighteen biological atoms, and 
that these are arranged in the form of an equi- 
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