The Making of Species 
must be satisfied before such protective mimicry 
can occur :— 
“1, That the imitative species occur in the 
same area and occupy the same station as the 
imitated. 2. That the imitators are always the 
more defenceless. 3. That the imitators are 
always less numerous in individuals. 4. That 
the imitators differ from the bulk of their allies. 
5. That the imitation, however minute, is ex- 
ternal and visible only, never extending to 
internal characters or to such as does not 
affect the external characters.” (Darwinism, 
Chap. ix.). 
Thus the mimic is supposed to deceive his 
enemies by deluding them into the belief that he 
is the inedible species which they once tried to 
eat and vowed never again to touch, so nasty 
was it. The mimic, then, may be compared to 
the ass in the lion’s skin. Needless to say, this 
mimicry is quite unconscious. It is supposed 
to have been developed by natural selection. 
Every popular book on Evolution cites many 
examples of such mimicry. We may there- 
fore content ourselves with mentioning but a 
few. 
Our common wasps are copied by a beetle 
(Clytus artetis), active in movement and banded 
black and yellow, and by several yellow-barred 
hover-flies (SyrAhedac); and the bumble-bee 
by a clear-winged moth (Sescza fuciformis). 
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