The Making of Species 
inland creature; both are sooty black, with a 
conspicuous white patch on the lower back. 
The Pied Babbling Thrush (Crateropus bzcolor) 
of Africa is singularly like the Pied Myna (Greu- 
lipica melanoptera) of Java, both being of about 
the same size, with white body and black wings 
and tail quills. This, we may add, is a very 
unusual colouration among small birds. 
The black-headed Oriole (Oviolus melano- 
cephalus) of India is very similar in appearance 
to the common Troupial (/eterus vulgaris) of 
Brazil ; indeed, the troupials, a purely American 
group, are so like the old world orioles in colour 
that they usurp their name in America. 
The little insectivorous lora (4githina tiphia) 
of India strongly resembles in size and colour 
a Siskin (Chrysomitris colambzana) from South 
America, the males in both being black above 
and yellow below, while in the females the black 
is replaced by olive-green. 
Another Indian babbler (Cehalopyrus flam- 
muceps), yellowish-green, with orange forehead, is 
closely copied by, or copies, the well-known 
Brazilian Saffron-finch (Sycalis flaveola). 
In Fergusson Island, near New Guinea, there 
is a ground pigeon (Otcdiphaps tnsularis) which 
is black with chestnut wings, like several of the 
powerful ground cuckoos of the genus Centropus, 
but no species of these cuckoos so coloured 
appears to inhabit the island. 
244 
