DISEASES OF ‘THE BRAIN AND NERVOUS SYSTEM. $1 
aud in the fissures. According to Rilliet and Barthez, they are 
more frequent upon the convex surface of the hemispheres than at 
the base. Dr. Hamernjh found them more frequently at or near 
the base of the brain. They are much more abundant upon the 
brain than upon the cerebellum. They are met with, also, imbed- 
ded in the gray matter of the brain, and are here often surrounded 
by a halo oi’ redness, usually connected with an enlarged vessel, 
ramifying from the pia mater. More rarely, tubercles are detected in 
the medullary portion of the brain, where they are often overlooked, 
in consequence of their pale, semi-transparent, yellowish tint. The 
plexus choroides is, also, often covered with tubercles. They are 
very commonly met with, likewise, on the serous membranes of 
the thorax and abdomen, in the lungs, and occasionally in the sub- 
stance of the liver. In twenty-seven out of thirty-three cases of 
hydrocephalus, Barthez and Rilliet found tubercles or granula- 
tions associated with inflammation of the pia mater; in four cases 
the meningitis was unattended by any trace of tubercular deposition 
in the encephalon; and in two cases the granulations, or meningial 
tubercles, were unattended with any traces of inflammation. In all 
the thirty-three cases the symptoms were nearly identical.” 
Causes.—Among the causes of this disease, therefore, we may 
consider the scrofulous diathesis as being the most potent; yet we 
can not always prove the fact until after the death of our patient. 
Yet an autopsy held on such a case is really valuable to the inquiring 
mind; for, in discovering the true pathology of the affection, we are 
not only enabled to comprehend its character, but also the modus 
operandi of treatment. 
The exciting causes of the malady are not always so apparent. 
The author has known it to follow castration, puncture of the foot, 
staggers, and acute disease of the stomach. 
In some cases, faulty nutrition is the exciting cause; in short, 
the symptoms sometimes supervene on the subsidence of some 
other malady. 
Symptoms.—As regards the symptoms of hydrocephalus, they do 
not differ materially from those alluded to in the preceding article, 
At first, torpor, unconsciousness, unsteadiness on moving ; dilation 
of the pupil; the animal gets upon the floor, in many cases never 
torise again. Stertorous (grunting) breathing takes place; the ani- 
mal tosses his head about in an unnatural manner, often throwing 
it backward---a very noticeable feature of this affection—occasion- 
