100 DADD'S VELERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY. 
animal one dunce of fluid extract of mandrake every six nours, 
antil it operates on the bowels, or the nembranes of the mouth 
lose their yellow tinge. 
ROARING, 
Roaring 1s usually the result of -tructural alterations within 
the larynx, or upper part of the windpipe bordering on the 
trachea. In mild cases of roaring, we usually find a thickened 
state of the membrane lining the upper portion of the respiratory 
passage; and when roaring is occasioned by thickening of this 
membrane, its degree depends on the ratio of decrease in the cali- 
ber of the tube breathed through. Roaring is a very aristocratic 
disease. Many of the very best and fastest horses in England 
were, and are now, notorious roarers. “ Flying Childers,” as fant 
a horse as ever wore horseshoes, was one of the worst roarers ev¢a 
known. ‘The story runs that when “Childers ” was at full speed, 
his roaring resembled juvenile thunder! He could be heard when 
cistant half a mile! 
The worst form of this disease is whistling. This is the sharp 
shrill note not only occasioned by the thickening of the lining 
membrane of the primary passages of respiration, but by altera- 
tions in the fourm and structure of the larynx, the larynx beiny, 
in popular language, known as the “ voice-box.” 
Roaring is more prevalent among stallions than mares and 
geldings, and the kind of horse most subject to it is the one hav- 
ing a thick, chunky neck, and having the angles of the jaws in 
very close proximity with the neck. Roaring scarcely, if ever, 
admits of a radical cure; and when of a hereditary or congenital 
origin, a cure is impossible. A roarer should never be incum- 
bered with a check-rein; for it has the effect of causing undue 
pressure on the larynx, and thus augments the difficulty. Roaring 
can, however, be relieved by an operation known as tracheotomy, 
which is performed at a point a few inches below the larynx. 
At a meeting of the Imperial and Central Society of Veteri- 
aa> Medicine, M. LEBLANC read a -ommunication on tracheot- 
omy which was performed on a carriage horse. The operation 
had been performed because the horse was a severe roarer ; and he 
wore the tube eighteen years and a half, doing fast work all the 
time. The animal was destroyed at twenty-three years of age 
the owner not desiring to make further use of him nor to sel 
