DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY PASSAGES AND ORGANS. 111 
with the other; while typhus itself, through causes which remain 
latent up to the present hour, is, like the gastro-enteritis of 1525, 
cangerous, fatal, aud epizostic. In general, typhus fever begins 
without any warning, though there are times in which its ap- 
proach is marked by dullness and weakness, and a manifestation 
of being easily fatigued, sweating through little exertion, etc., 
with lose of appetite. 
Of the first stage, the most remarkable symptoms are either a 
gellow redness of the pituitary membrane, or a dryness or a dis- 
charge of viscous matter, which adheres in thick incrustations 
around the ale of the nostrils, with, occasionally, an appearance 
of drops of blood. The nostrils are more or less dilated, the res- 
piration more or less frequent, according to the sharpness of the 
abdominal pains, or the existence of a lamentable complication of 
thoracic with abdominal disease. The ear applied to the wind- 
pipe or to the walls of the thorax, almost always detects a well- 
marked mucous rale; also there is cough, with full, strong, and 
frequent pulse. 
In the second stage, the mouth becomes dry, and sometimes dis- 
plays aphthe or cracks of some depth. The tongue is red about 
its point and along its sides, but its middle and base are of a deep 
yellow tint. The breath is tainted. When abdominal symptoms 
are present, which is not always the case, they are sufficiently 
well marked. The dung is either very hard, or it is, more com- 
monly, liquid; sometimes it is bloody, and issues a fetid odor, the 
debility frequently being such at this period as to canse constant 
opening of the anus. The pituitary membrane is dry, and covered 
with bloody points. The conjunctival membrane is reddened and 
infiltrated, and, like the pituitary, presents petechial patches. 
The pulse has not its force and fullness, etc. Some veterinarians 
have remarked, at this period, upon the insides of the thighs those 
little vesicles to which the name of sudamina has been given. 
Uring scanty, possessing a remarkable fetor, and voided occasion- 
ally with great pain; great dejection, and occasional stuper, and, 
ordinarily, at this period it is that the ataxic or adynamic symp- 
toms eet in. 
[n the third stage, the parotids tumefy and ulcerate. Any setons 
or roweis that may have been intreduced, or blisters, become so 
many causes of mortification of the parts in which they have beer 
ippliel. And now the mouth becomes quite dried up; the tongue 
