116 DADD’S VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY. 
in pleurisy, and ultimately dropsy of the chest. I should j uge 
tnat cattle, when the subjects of pneumonia, suffer less tzan hr rses, 
from the fact that the former will lie down during the progress of 
the disease, and the horse is scarcely, if ever, known to do so until 
shortly before he dies. In the horse, this malady occasionally 
takes a metastatic turn; that is, the disease is translated to the feet 
or brain, producing an affection of a very formidable and acute 
character. Among cattle, however, such translation is very rare. 
Forms of Pneumonia.—Pneumonia is divided into several stages 
and forms, but as such refer more to its degree or intensity, I shall 
only inform the reader that pneumonia may exist either as a con- 
dition uf congestion or of inflammation. Congestion signifies a 
distended or plethoric state of the blood-vessels of the substanve 
of the lungs, and slow motion of the blood; and it sometimes 
sets in as suddenly as that form which is termed inflammatory ; 
among cattle the former form is more prevalent. In the conges- 
tive stage the symptoms are those of embarrassment—the blocd 
courses through its vessels sluggishly, and there is not that activily 
of the heart and lungs which is noticed in inflammatory pnet- 
monia. 
Symptoms of Inflammation of the Lungs.—There are many symye 
toms attending lung disease which are common to various other 
forms or affections. These must be inferred; for, by detailing 
them, I might only confound the non-medical reader, and render 
the diagnosis difficult, and, perhaps, impossible. The symptoms, 
in the early stages, are such as are usually observed at the com- 
mencement of febrile diseases, viz.: coldness of the extremities, 
and slight shivering fits; loss of appetite; labored respiration: 
pulse variable, and the mouth hot and clammy ; the animal heaves 
at the flanks, is rather unwilling to move, and the fore-legs are 
widely separated, while the head is held in a drooping position 
As the disease progresses, these symptoms vary more or less, and 
the appearance of the membranes of the mouth, nose, and eyea 
may vary from the color of bright scarlet to that of a leaden hue, 
In congestive pneumonia, the pulse is more voluminous, yet less 
active, than in health, or in acute disease. A cough, slight or 
active, as the case may be, is usually noticed ; it is a sort of deep- 
seated, half-suppressed one, and sometimes it is the first symptom 
which calls the owner’s attention to the ailing animal. 
Treatment.—It is important, at the commencement of the treaz- 
