SLANDERS aND FARCY. 165 
How CAME THE DISEASE TO BE CALLED GLANDERS. 
PERCIVALL is our authority for the following «xplanation 
“The derivation of our word glanders is traceable through the 
French language, from which we appear tc have borrowed it, to 
the Latin roots glandula and glans, the latter signifying any fruit 
kernel, such as a chestnut or acorn; the former, its diminutive, 
any small fruit kernel; and both afterward used in medicine to 
denote the glands of the body, many of which—such as were theu 
vo called—are small and comparable, both in shape and size, to 
acorns or other kernels. Celsus applies the term glandula to a 
awelling in the neck, supposed to be glandular; and Vegetius 
ases the same to denote swollen glands ‘between the cheek-bones 
and lower jaws:’ from his saying, however, that the glandules are 
‘especially troublesome to foales,’ it would appear the disease he 
meant to describe was not glanders, but strangles. The French 
veterinarians, following the ancient phraseology, called a horse 
exhibiting any submaxillary tumor or enlargement, glande; not 
with any special reference to glanders, but simply because his 
glands or ‘kernels,’ as our farriers denominate them, had become 
enlarged; hence, with the French, a horse was said to be glande 
de gourme, as well as glande de morve and glande de farcin. It 
seems to have been our English writers on farriery who have 
restricted the application of the term to the foul and malignant 
disease now known under that appellation. Before then, glanders 
appears to have had no other meaning save that the horse had tu- 
mefied glands, or that, in the farrier’s phrase, ‘his kernels had 
come down.’ The French call the disease la morve. A horse, 
aowever, in the estimation of Lafosse, is not to be regarded as 
having la morve proprement dite, unless he be glande, or have tu- 
mefaction of his glands.” 
Diagnostic Symptoms of Glanders—Glanders consists in 1 dis- 
charge, from one or both nostrils, of matter which, by transfer or 
inoculation, will produce the same disease in another animat (of 
the equine or human syecies), and which discharge is, sooner or 
later, accompanied by vascular injection and chancrous ulceration 
of the schneiderian membrane of the nostrils, and tumefaction 
of the submaxillary lymphatic glands, and by farcy; so that a 
horse can not be considered as the subject of glanders mnti! these 
symptorus are made manifest. 
