#14 DADD'S VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY. 
Lght and liberty, confining them in a warm room, and stuffing 
them with food. We find that, under such barbarous management 
there is a disproportion between the oxygen respired and the car. 
bon taken in the form of food. The respiration which active ea 
ercise increases and rest diminishes are, now that the animal is 
confined, slow and uniform. The lungs faii in eliminating car- 
bonic acid, and hence carbon and hydrogen are driven back to the 
liver by means of venous circulation. An excess of carbonaccoves 
materia] in the liver is liable to result in jaundice, which is a simple 
functional derangement of that organ. It occurs generally in the 
warm months, and is usually sudden in its attack. 
Among the most prominent symptoms are high-colored urine, 
yellow tinge of the visible surfaces, languid pulse, and slow action. 
If the liver be the seat of inflammatory action, the pulse will be 
quick and bounding, respiration hurried, the patient feverish, and 
pressure over the region of the liver elicits symptoms of pain. 
If simple functional derangement exists unchecked for any length 
of time, it leads to organic lesions and structural disease. When 
the bile accumulates, it is very apt to thicken and produce gall- 
stones or calculi; if these accumulate in the gall ducts, the subject, 
anless relieved, soon dies. 
Diseases of the liver have hitherto been considered the bane of 
tropical climates, but they are equally prevalent in cold and moist 
cegions. Horses and men are as frequently attacked with it in 
northern as in southern latitudes. The celebrated sheep-breeder, 
Bakewell, knew that early disturbance of the liver led to the ac- 
cumulation of fat, and, in order to derange the liver, he was in 
the habit of folding his sheep in wet pastures. Now, the English 
agriculturists are well acquainted with the fact that water mea- 
dows have a tendency to produce that almost incurable disease 
termed rot. Rot originates from a diseased liver, and, in the 
early stages of it, the animal accumulates fat very fast; so that 
by rotting sheep he was able to bring fat ones early to market, and 
thus steal a march on his more conscientious neighbors. This 
state of the liver termed rot is associated with the existence 
of parasites termed distoma hepaticum, commonly denominated 
flukes, and these parasites are considered the cause of rot, when, 
in fact, they are the results of deranged functions of the liver. 
The rot, therefore, is not local. It can be produced in any coun. 
try by exposing animals to the debilitating effects of moisture and 
