SECTION IX. 
SURGICAL OPERATIONS. 
Or SurGIcAL OPERATIONS AND THE VARIOUS RESTRAINTS IT IS SOMETIMES 
NECESSARY TO PLACE THE HORSE UNDER FOR THEIR PERFORMANCE—CABST. 
ING—SLINGING—CasTRATION—FRENCH METHOD OF CASTRATION —CASTRA- 
TIon BY LigaTuRE —LirHoromMy—TRACHEOTOMY —(Es0PHAGOTOMY—NEU- 
roromy— opt or Perrormina NevroTromy—PeniostEeoTomy —DIvision 
OF THE Flexor TENDONS—AMPUTATIONS— AMPUTATION OF TILE PENIS— 
AMPUTATION OF THE TAIL— NicKkInG—Frrinc—BLiIsTERING—A WMONIACAL 
Burster—ROWELLING—SETONS—ABSTRACTION OF BLoop, oR BLEEDING— 
Division oF Tue TempPoraL ARTERY—BLEEDING BY THE PALATE—BLEED- 
ING BY THE ToE—PnLEBOTOMY—BLEEDING Ly THE JUGULAR VEIN. 
OF SURGICAL OPERATIONS AND THE VARIOUS RESTRAINTS IT IS 
SOMETIMES NECESSARY TO PLACE THE HORSE UNDER FOR 
TITEIR PERFORMANCE, 
es HEN it is necessary to perform any painful operation on 
so powerful an animal as the horsg, it is of consequence 
to subject him toa restraint equal to the occasion. IJIorses are 
very dissimilar in their tempers, and bear pain very differently ; 
but it is always prudent to prepare for the worst, and few impor- 
tant operations should be attempted without casting. Humanity 
should be the fundamental principle of every proceeding, and we 
ought. always to subject this noble animal to pain with reluctance ; 
but when circumstances absolutely call for it, we should joyfully 
close our hearts to all necessary suffering. The resistance of the 
horse is terrible, and it is but common prudence to guard against 
the effects of it. The lesser restraints are various. Among them 
may be first noticed the Twircu. The twitch is a very necessary 
instrument in astable, though, when frequently and officiously 
used, it may have the ill effect of rendering some horses violent 
to resist its application. In many instances blindfolding will do 
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