£50 DADD'S VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SURGERY:. 
ploy it again on an adult.’ These observations, as emanating fom 
such a source, must be deemed important. 
Mr. Goodwin then offers the description of the French method 
of operating, from Hurtrel d’Arboval: ‘Castration by means of 
the clams is the method in general use, if not the only one now 
employed. It is the most ancient, since it was recommended by 
Hieroclius among the Greeks. It is performed in two ways, the 
testicle being covered or uncovered. In the former, the exterior 
of the scrotum, formed by the skin and dartos muscle, is cut 
through, and the testicle is brought out by dissecting away the 
laminated tissue, the gland being covered by the tunica vaginalis. 
The clam is then placed above the epididymis, outside the external 
peritoneal covering of the cord. In the uncovered operation, the 
incision is made through the servus capsule of the testicle. The 
tunica vaginalis being divided, the testicle presents itself, and the 
clam is placed well above the epididymis, on the cord. The ope- 
ration, performed in either way, requires us to provide ourselves 
with a scalpel, a pair of clams, a pair of long pincers, made pur- 
posely to bring the ends of the clams together, and some waxed 
string. The clams may be formed of different kinds of wood, but 
the alder is considered the best, and generally made use of. To 
make a clam, we procure a branch of old and dry alder, whose 
diameter should be about an inch, and whose length should be 
from five to six inches; of course, the dimensions must, at all] 
times, be proportioned to the size of the cord we have to operate 
on. At the distance of half an inch from each end, a small nick, 
sufficiently deep to hold the string, must be made, and then the 
wood should be sawed through the middle lengthways. Each 
divided surface should be planed, so as to facilitate the opening 
of the clams, either when about to place them on or take them 
off, The pith of the wood is then to be taken out, and the hollow 
should be filled with corrosive sublimate and flour, mixed with 
sufficien water to form it into a paste. Some persons are not in 
the habit of using any caustic whatever; then, of course, scooping 
out of the inside of the clam is not necessary. Notwithstanding, 
the caustic, inasmuch as it produces a speedier dissolution of the 
parts, must be useful, and ought not to be neglected.’ The addi- 
tion of the caustic, however, Mr. Goodwin objects to, with great 
reason, remarking that, unless it be a very strong one, and there 
fore dangerous to employ, it can not be of any use to parts com- 
